Social economy, policy and demography
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2009
Buleev I. P., Revva A. N., Atamanchuk G. S.
Remuneration and Productivity of Labor in Transformational Economy with Low Efficiency (p. 76 - 82)
The article presents the results of the research of essence and content of remuneration in transformational mixed economy with low efficiency. Recommendations as to the increase of its stimulating function in motivation of labor have been suggested. Article is written in Russian Download article in pdf format - 
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2013
Grinenko S. V.
Engineering education: economic competences (p. 304 - 310)
The article presents a review of economic competences, identified by federal state standards within the framework of training students of engineering specialties. It uses comparative analysis for offering a concept of module organisation of economic training courses, which would ensure obtaining necessary competences by graduates of technical faculties. Article is written in Russian
Pakulin S. L.
Modernisation and increase of efficiency of higher education of Ukraine: content, problems, system effects (p. 310 - 315)
The article reveals the most urgent problems of the content of the modern higher education. It substantiates tasks and measures for their realisation, directed at formation of the innovation system of content of higher education. It identifies system effects from formation of the innovation system of higher education of Ukraine. It proves a necessity of development of the strategy of development of higher school in the economy of knowledge, connected with fast changes in external environment and requirements of the Ukrainian society. It substantiates the proposal, resulting from analysis of the system of strategic plans in Ukraine and education system, of a necessity of formation of a common strategy, which contains measurable indicators, which are worked out in detail in specific projects – target programmes. Article is written in Ukrainian
Kinash I. P.
Specific features of development of infrastructure of the Ukrainian culture: analytical review (p. 316 - 320)
The article reveals tendencies and gives assessment of the character of development of infrastructure of the state culture and reveals problems of its functioning. Activation of cultural processes in Ukraine resulted in changes in the network of the objects of culture. Network of cultural establishments of the club type, public and universal libraries, professional theatres and schools of aesthetic education have reduced during the period from 2005 till 2011. However, the network of museums and parks expanded significantly. The article offers to introduce a system approach to the functioning of infrastructure objects of culture, to bring them in correspondence with requirements of consumers; and to actively attract non-budget funds for support of existing and construction of new infrastructure objects. Article is written in Ukrainian
Martusenko I. V., Sitash T. D.
Transformation of financing healthcare in Ukraine and foreign countries (p. 321 - 325)
The article is devoted to problems of transformation of financing healthcare in Ukraine and foreign countries. It reflects basic models of financing healthcare, in particular, a state model with the budget system of financing, which is based on principles of social insurance, and a commercial model, in the basis of which market principles with the use of predominantly private medical insurance. It states that solution of problems of healthcare in foreign countries is conducted with consideration of socio-economic, demographic, medical and organisational, national traditions, territorial and other specific features. It states that partnership in all aspects of reformation, including the financial one, establishment of clear priorities, introduction of monitoring of shifts, ensuring preventive vector of development, indicators of assessment and control and also wide public awareness and openness of the healthcare system are integral parts of introduction of system changes. Article is written in Ukrainian
Oganezova G. V.
Methods of calculation of economic efficiency of human life (p. 326 - 332)
The article contains calculation of the long-term economic efficiency of a new human life for Ukraine. The developed methods, unlike the existing ones, are realised in full volume with building age profiles of state expenditures, with consideration of the death-rate factor, indexation and discounting and also the effect of de-shadowing of economy. The article justifies that the maximum possible rate of growth of healthcare expenditures, which provides the break-even of a citizen, constitutes 7.15% (during the nearest 20 years with preservation of the growth rate of 6% after 2030). The offered approach is a tool for formation of priorities in state expenditures on healthcare and also demonstrates possibilities of a better decision making outside the healthcare sector. Article is written in Russian
Pakulina A. A.
Perfection of state regulation of the system of education (p. 333 - 337)
The article shows results of analysis of the existing system of education with allocation of main problems of management. It generalises foreign experience of perfection of management of education. It proves that in order to develop effective managerial decisions it is necessary to model processes of reformation of education and management of them. Model of management reflects participation of main subjects that are involved into the education process. It substantiates expediency of application of the methodology of functional modelling for solution of problems of modernisation of education. It develops recommendations on perfection of the state regulation of development of the system of education in the period of its modernisation. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2013
Shevchuk A. V.
Factor influence of values and education in the sphere of personnel training (p. 206 - 211)
The article justifies priority of study of impact of values on educational systems as rather powerful factors. It reveals shortcomings and possibilities of influence of educational establishments upon the system of values through educational and pedagogical activity. It tracks system nature of formation of the system of values at various stages of personnel training, including within the framework of post-graduate education and development of personnel in companies. It marks that the direction of activity of educational establishments as important institutes of formation of values of the population is the social direction, which allows a person who studies to form his or her social environment through new acquaintances, which could play extremely important role in this person’s activity, including in the professional sphere. The article justifies that devaluation of life values causes weakening of the role of education in the life of a person and perception of it as a formal necessity for obtaining a certain social status and possibilities of labour activity in better conditions (with a higher level of salary and other social guarantees). Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2013
Doronina M. S., Doronin A. V.
Practice of formation of cognitive competence of a future manager (p. 289 - 300)
The article justifies a necessity of introduction of a cognitive component, which creates prerequisites of mastering technologies of generation of new knowledge by a graduate with the use of own original schemes and skills, into the system of competences that are formed by the higher school. The article shows the process of formation of the graduate’s cognitive competence in the form of a succession of such its getting more complicated variants as educational, educational and cognitive, intellectual and cognitive, research, and scientific and research. The article provides such elements as the goal, result, assessment criteria and the nature of pedagogical accompaniment in each variant of the structural and logic model of cognitive activity. It provides real examples of results of formation of educational competence taken from the disciplines of the curriculum of training managers. It identifies the final goal of the new technology of the educational process – formation of ability of a student on the basis of analysis of publications and practical experience to detect a new problem, draw up a gnoseological and ontological picture of the world that facilitate development of a constructive mechanism of its collective study, formulate hypotheses, find and realise methods of their examination and identify novelty of the obtained results. Article is written in Russian
Stratan D. I., Hazuyev A. I.
Mechanism of realisation of state-private entrepreneurship in the social sphere of the Russian Federation (p. 301 - 306)
The article states that the socio-economic development of a region rests on the higher-than-anticipated growth of its infrastructure. Formation of the social infrastructure of a region is based on practical realisation of social priorities directed at a higher satisfaction of needs of the population in social services. One of the mechanisms in development of social infrastructure is the state-private partnership. The article provides theoretical and methodical aspects of development of instruments of managing investment activity in Russian regions and levelling of territorial heterogeneity of availability of social objects on the basis of use of the state-private partnership (SPP). The article conducts assessment of possibilities of use of SPP models in the social sphere, regional economy and management of state property. Article is written in Russian
Tsymbaliuk S. O.
Factor analysis of perception of the compensatory policy as fair by workers (p. 307 - 313)
The goal of the article is the study of the essence of the “fair compensatory policy” notion and analysis of factors that influence perception of the compensatory policy as fair by workers. The article formulates conceptual provisions that reveal the essence of the “fair compensatory policy” notion. In the result of the study the article assesses impact on the effective feature “the level of perception of the system of remuneration of labour as fair by employed workers” of such factor features as the level of satisfaction of the worker with the size of remuneration, level of transparency of the system of remuneration of labour, level of dependence of remuneration on complexity of works and duties, and the level of dependence of remuneration on individual results of labour. The article builds a regression model of dependence of the effective feature on factor features. It establishes that only when at least three parameters of the model are positive, the worker can perceive the system of remuneration of labour as fair. Moreover, such a situation is possible also in case of dissatisfaction of the worker with the size of his or her remuneration. Further studies should be directed at development of proposals on planning various components of the aggregate remuneration from the point of view of ensuring social fairness of the compensatory policy. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2013
Yasynska N. A.
Converted forms of socio-economic relations: modern practical requirements (p. 368 - 374)
The goal of the article is statement of results of the study on comprehension of a specific aspect of the converted forms doctrine in the context of modern development of socio-economic relations in Ukraine with consideration of globalisation requirements. In the result of the study the article marks out and justifies existence of new converted forms of categories, which characterise modern socio-economic relations in Ukraine under conditions of globalisation. Using international and national statistical data, the article proves increase of significance of new converted forms, such as corporate social responsibility; an economically active market subject; competition for access to finance, cheap and long-term loan and also money and capital (from financial operations and formation of debt liabilities). This issue is multi-structured, problematic and not completely solved. Relation and ideological opinion of the leaders of the country to development of the economic system under conditions of globalisation and needs of international structures with respect to socio-economic development of the country (level and conditions of access to international financial resources as a source of reform financing) are of specific importance. A special attention would be paid to this when conducting further studies. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2014
Zhabynets O. Y.
The Information Security Policy at Insurance Companies: Ukrainian Context and U.S. Experience (p. 22 - 27)
The article studies the prospects for the information security policy implemented by Ukrainian insurance companies. In particular, the legal framework and international information security standards ISO/IEC 27001:2013 and ISO/IEC 27002:2013 were analyzed, as well as the role of the information security policy according to the new version of the international information security standard ISO/IEC 27002:2013. The study analyzes key risk evaluation factors in forming the information security policy of Philadelphia Insurance Companies, a U.S.-based risk insurance company. The author concludes that despite the fact that operations of an insurance company, as well as any other financial institution, for example, a commercial bank, have distinctive properties, their information security is based on the generally accepted principles and requirements of international standards. Each Ukrainian insurance company can currently solve the problems of forming and implementing the information security policy in accordance with the national legislation, international standards and the experience of foreign insurance companies. Simultaneously, due to lack of stability in the socio-economic and political situation in our state and the resulting uncertainty of operating conditions of the insurance market even in the most immediate future, domestic insurance companies cannot stabilize and predict their incomes, which restricts the possibility of planning and pursuing a well-defined IT policy, including the information security policy. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2015
Shuba M. V.
Stock Indices as Generalizing Indicators of the Stock Markets Condition in the European Union Countries (p. 24 - 31)
The aim of the article is to determine the degree of interdependence of stock markets in separate countries of the European Union, namely: France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary on the basis of studying the changes in stock indexes, as well as determining the existence of tendencies of approximating the dynamics of the national stock index “PFTS Index” to the corresponding dynamics of stock indexes in surveyed countries. The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in stock indices in the UK (FTSE), Germany (DAX 30), France (CAC 40) and pan-European ones (EURO STOXX 50), as well as changes in stock indices in Poland (WIG 20), Czech Republic (PX), Hungary (BUX). Calculations of the coefficients of pair correlation between changes in stock indices in the studied countries have been performed. The calculation results show a substantial connection between the indicators of changes in stock indices and allow to make a conclusion that in the dynamics of stock indices of national stock markets of the studied EU countries some common trends are observed, moreover, in the behavior of the considered indices common local trends are noticed as well. The author calculated the coefficient of pair correlation between the indicators of changes in the national stock index “PFTS Index” and the stock indices of the “old” and “new” EU countries. The calculations showed that the PFTS Index does not demonstrate a high level of correlation with stock indices of the “old” EU countries and has a tendency of approaching the corresponding dynamics of stock indices of the “new” EU countries. Article is written in Ukrainian
Ryndzak O. T.
Socio-Economic Adaptation of Internally Displaced Citizens in the Host Society (on the Example of Kharkiv) (p. 275 - 280)
The aim of the article is to develop certain theoretical aspects of studying adaptation of migrants, as well as to identify the most pressing problems of socio-economic adaptation of forcedly displaced persons in Kharkov (based on the results of a sociological survey). The paper clarifies the essence of the concepts of adaptation and integration of migrants. Among the considered in the work models of adaptation (integration, assimilation, segregation, marginalization) the model of integration is defined as the most optimal for an individual and the whole society. The results of the survey of forcedly displaced persons in Kharkiv showed that the most acute problem for them is the lack of their own housing. The next in the rating of importance there appeared the problems of lack of: money for the most necessary things, work in general and the necessary clothes. In solving their problems forcedly displaced people mainly rely on themselves and on the support of the relatives. In whole the study found positive trends in socio-cultural adaptation of forced migrants. Thus, almost half of them felt important or partial positive changes in their attitude to local residents. In addition, the attitude of Kharkivites to them was currently estimated by the respondents as completely or mostly friendly. Despite this majority of the respondents are eager to return to their small motherland. Their decision and further actions depend on the establishment of peace and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The results of the study described in the article should be taken into account when solving the problems associated with the forced internal migration. The development of scientifically based program of integration and reintegration of internally displaced persons is the prospect of further research on this issue. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2015
Ilyash O. I., Lupak R. L., Kachmar N. M.
The Necessity of Reforming the System of Social Policies to Ensure the Labor Market Development in the Western Regions of Ukraine (p. 285 - 292)
The purpose of the article is in the system representation of the conceptual foundations for reforming the social policy in the context of ensuring the labor market development on the example of the western regions of Ukraine. The study has identified the causes of passivity and failure of the existing social policy on the territory of the western regions of Ukraine. The necessity and importance of the system reforming of the social policy for ensuring a balanced development of the western regions of Ukraine has been proved. Systemic weaknesses of the labor market regulation policies that enhance the discrepancy of the sectoral employment structure with the needs of the western regions for innovative economic development. Such critical social factors include aggravation of social problems in the labor market reproduction, destructive changes in social and demographic development of the border areas, reducing the effectiveness of preventive and proactive policies of regional labor market, slow pace in reducing the recorded unemployment level and failure of an active policy to promote the population employment, preserving labor surplus conditions in the labor market, growth of the shadow and non-formal segment of the employed. It has been proved that the implementation of the spatial development strategy of regional labor markets in the short and long term prospective, growing influence of the educational components of forming a high-quality labor potential and scientific support in the sphere of the balanced development of the region should be considered the priorities for revitalizing impact of the social policy on ensuring the balanced development of Ukraine’s western regions. Accordingly, the measures allowing to achieve them have been proposed in these areas. Prospects for further research in this direction is to identify both the priority areas of the social policy, which will take into account the state of the labour market at a separate stage of its strategic development, and within a particular territory, and the means to achieve them. Article is written in Ukrainian
Polova V. V.
Social and Cultural Keynotes in the System of Determination Factors of the Personnel Labor Behavior (p. 293 - 301)
The aim of the publication is studying the determination factors of the personnel labor behavior and developing a hierarchical classification with identification of its several levels and socio-cultural keynotes; comparing the value of the labor model prevailing in the minds of Ukrainians with the ideal one and determining the prospects for gradual revival of the foundations of the ideal labor model in the system of managing the personnel labor behavior. As a result of the analysis and synthesis of scientific works by many scientists the author systematized the factors of determination of the personnel labor behavior and highlighted two main approaches to their definition: by the origin and variety of needs, which influence the labor behavior emergence and changing. It has been proved that in the process of formation, implementation and development of labour behavior of an individual, a decisive role is played by his/her values and needs. The author has developed a hierarchical classification of the determination factors of the personnel labor behavior distinguishing its global, local-civilizational, macro-, meso-, micro-, mini- and nano-levels. It has been proved that locally-civilizational level (socio-cultural factors) has a determining influence on all lower levels and determination factors of the personnel labor behavior. Based on the analysis of the fundamental research in the field of determining the degree of actualization and needs of the modern Ukrainians in the labor process, it has been concluded about the destruction of the labour model traditional for our country. It is recommended that the further search for effective ways and methods of managing the personnel labor behavior should be necessarily conducted with regard to the principle of social and cultural identity. Article is written in Russian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2016
Oganezova G. V.
Social Responsibility of Employers as a Basis for Preservation of Health of the Working Population (p. 173 - 178)
The article proves the need for participation of enterprises in the preservation of health of employees. There revealed causes of the increasing role of employers’ social responsibility in health protection of employees, in particular: peculiarities of the state property privatization in Ukraine; a new concept of protection of public health; employers’ interest in healthy workforce; the healthcare policy in Ukraine with respect to the lack of resources. There formulated the author’s definition of the essence of employers’ social responsibility for preservation of health of employees: social responsibility of employers for the preservation of health of employees is the willingness and ability of the organization to create a system of legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and prophylactic measures and means aimed at preservation of life, health and man’s performance capability during the labor activity. The forms of employers’ participation in health promotion have been determined. One of such forms, in the author’s opinion, can be a health service at the workplace. There has been made a conclusion about the need for the institutionalization of social responsibility of employers, i.e., the creation of conditions under which employers would follow certain social standards established both at the national and international level. Preconditions and future directions of the development of employers’ social responsibility in Ukraine have been determined. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2016
Belinska Y. V., Safonik N. P.
Features and Basic Directions of Social Protection of Disabled People: International Experience and Possibilities of its Application in Ukraine (p. 223 - 230)
The aim of the article is to study foreign experience in the functioning of social protection of disabled people and determine the possibilities of its use in Ukraine. As a result of the study there identified the features and main directions of social protection of disabled people in foreign countries, including assistance in daily life; provision of support of income, living standards, and employment. The basic model of social protection in countries of the European Union is considered and the distribution of expenditure on social protection in the EU is analyzed. It is found that social protection of disabled people should be directed at social support of this category of citizens because the degree of state social protection of the disabled is a clear indicator of the level of development and civilization of a particular society, the level of its responsibility. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in social protection of people with disabilities, there made conclusions about the need to direct today’s Ukraine policy at strengthening social, economic, and legal status of people with disabilities; improving the conditions of their life; providing for their self-realization, achievement of their financial independence and full social integration, taking into account the best international experience. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2017
Tsymbaliuk S. O.
Decent Wages: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations and Evaluation Indicators (p. 373 - 379)
The aim of the work is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of fair wages and develop indicators for evaluating the labor income policy in terms of implementing the principles of decent work at different levels. It is substantiated that the concept of “decent wages” is an organizational and economic mechanism for determining the basic parameters of wages, which provides a decent level of remuneration, fair distribution of the marginal product between the owner and the employee, timely payment and objective differentiation of wages, as well as transparency of the wage policy. The organizational and economic mechanism for determining the basic parameters of wages should be based on the use of market and contractual elements to regulate the size and structure of remuneration, as well as innovative approaches and tools for the formation of various components of remuneration for work. There proposed indicators with the identification of evaluation standards of the labor income policy in terms of implementing decent work principles at macro and micro levels. The developed indicators should serve as a tool for assessing the current state and trends in the development of the labor income policy through the prism of the implementation of the principles of decent work. Further research should focus on developing indicators for evaluating the labor income policies in terms of implementing decent work principles at sectoral and regional levels, monitoring the labor income policies, and elaborating innovative mechanisms for developing the labor income policies based on decent work at different levels. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2017
Zhukova L. M.
Social Factors of the Evolution of State Institutions (p. 298 - 303)
The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of social factors in the evolution of state institutions. By analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific works of many scientists, the process of transformation of state institutions is considered in view of the features of Ukraine’s social and economic development and the impact of institutional changes on the social needs of society. As a result of the research, it is revealed that one of the main factors of social evolution is the culture of relations between the state, business and society. The logical and contradictory interaction of these subjects is analyzed, since based on them there formed an economy aimed at reviving social resources and ensuring both the stability of the social system and the dynamism of its development. It is determined that Ukraine requires urgent development of an integrated socio-economic development strategy that would include specific measures that can ensure improvement of the living standards of citizens, creation of a competitive economy, successful integration into the world and European space. It is substantiated that the system of relations “state – business – society” should be revised from the position of strengthening the importance of both social values and the business community facing the challenges of globalization. Prospects for further research in this area are justification of the strategic goals of the state social policy as a multi-level and multifunctional system that can ensure the country’s social and economic development by activating human capital and maximizing its innovative potential. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2017
Poliak N. O., Tarasiuk O. P.
Assessment of the Compliance of the National Standards in the Field of Social Protection of the Unemployed in Ukraine with the Requirements of the International Standards (p. 269 - 275)
The aim of the article is to justify the possibility of introducing in Ukraine the international standards in the field of social protection of the unemployed and develop recommendations concerning the compliance of the national standards in this sphere with and their adaptation to international requirements. There nalyzed international social norms defined in ILO Convention No. 2 on Unemployment (1919), ILO Convention No. 102 on Minimum Standards of Social Security (1952), the European Code of Social Security of the Council of Europe (1964), and ILO Convention No. 168 on the Promotion of Employment and Protection against Unemployment (1988). The results of the comparative analysis and assessment of the compliance of national standards with the requirements of ILO Convention No. 168, which has not yet been ratified in Ukraine, are proposed. The scientifically grounded recommendations on the adaptation of national norms in the field of social protection of the unemployed to international standards are presented. It is substantiated that the national standards in the sphere of social protection of the unemployed are more in line with and take into account the main provisions of Convention No. 168, and Ukraine can consider ratifying it. However, in order to meet international requirements regarding the minimum unemployment benefit and its adequacy for ensuring healthy and sufficient living conditions, it is necessary to introduce changes in the national legislation. The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of using them in improving the system of social protection of the unemployed, harmonizing national and international norms under conditions of European integration. Article is written in Ukrainian
Tsymbaliuk S. O.
The Remuneration Policy in the Budgetary Sphere of Ukraine: Main Trends, Shortcomings, Suggestions for Improvement (p. 276 - 282)
The aim of the work is to identify the main trends and shortcomings of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere of Ukraine and develop proposals for its improvement. There determined the main problems of the remuneration policy in the budgetary sphere, including the low level and unsatisfactory wage differentiation, intersectoral imbalances in remuneration, rigid framework of a unified tariff net, lack of an objective methodology for assessing the complexity of duties and work of employees, and forming qualification groups for labor remuneration. It was determined that the reform of the minimum wage institution led to an increase in the leveling of the remuneration of employees of various categories and professional groups, which practically led to the destruction of the tariff remuneration system in the budgetary sphere. The necessity of reforming the policy of employee remuneration in the budgetary sphere is substantiated. There formulated directions for improving the tariff labor remuneration: construction of a unified tariff net based on flexible principles, formation of qualification groups for labor remuneration to develop a unified remuneration scale, development of a methodology for evaluating positions and jobs, and ensuring an objective pay gap between two related qualifying groups. With the aim of renewing the ratios for various categories and professional groups, it is important to reduce the gap between the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage. Prospects for further research should be the development of a methodology for evaluating positions and job for an objective comparison of the complexity of tasks and responsibilities of budgetary sector employees, substantiating qualification ratios in wages, forming indicators to determine the basic wages of employees within the developed ranges. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2017
Azmuk N. A.
Employment and Work Motivation in the Information Economy: Transformation and Interrelation (p. 376 - 383)
The aim of the article is to study and systematize the trends in the transformation of employment and work motivation in the information economy. As a result of the study, the main trends in the transformation of employment in the information economy are identified. The interrelation between the transformation of employment and work motivation is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the main elements of the motivational model in the traditional and information economy is carried out. A new form of interaction between remote digital workers in distributed teams is explored. A new element of the digital labor market – artificial intelligence – is characterized and its role and place in it is defined. Attention is focused on changing the role of artificial intelligence from the labor market object to its subject. There proposed the author’s definition of the concept “employment in the information economy”, which is based on the change in the essential characteristics of employment under the influence of the development of digital technologies. The interrelation between the transformation of employment and work motivation is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the main elements of the motivational model in the traditional and information economy is carried out. A new form of interaction between remote digital workers in distributed teams is explored. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2018
Kirnos I. O.
Diagnostics of the Organizational Factors Contributing to Work at Retirement Age (p. 308 - 314)
The aim of the publication is to substantiate the research method and to clarify the content of the diagnostic tool for identifying the career goals, specific needs of older workers, and their perception of the organizational climate regarding the continuation of work at retirement age. An authentic questionnaire for 50+ employees is proposed as a universal tool for diagnosing the organizational climate for working at retirement age. In developing the questionnaire, the sectional approach was used, according to which the questions are grouped into content blocks: career preferences, desired working conditions, perception of opportunities for development, perception of organizational support, age accounting in personnel policy, emotional attachment to the organization, perception of age discrimination. The proposed questionnaire is a universal diagnostic tool that can be applied at enterprises of any field of activity. It provides feedback between staff and management, and the results of the survey form a factual basis for developing an organizational climate strategy for successful aging in the workplace and retention of older workers. Article is written in Ukrainian
Shchetinina L. V., Rudakova S. G., Drobynska K. O.
Mobbing: the Essence and the Institutional Framework for Protection of Workers (p. 315 - 320)
The aim of the article is to develop propositions regarding the implementation of responsibility for mobbing at the legislative level. The concept of “mobbing”, reasons for its occurrence, indicators of manifestation and consequences for the activity both at the level of the enterprise and from the point of view of an individual are explored. Examples of European countries on the regulation of mobbing at the legislative level, in particular the responsibility for psychological pressure, are considered. Based on the analysis of legal and regulatory documents of foreign countries and the Ukrainian legal framework, it is concluded that it is important to study the problem of psychological abuse and combat it, including at the state level. It is determined that now Ukraine has no legislatively fixed definition of the concept of “mobbing” and, accordingly, the mechanisms for regulating this phenomenon. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2018
Berezina S. B.
Factors and Mechanisms of Formation of Physiological Risks (p. 357 - 365)
The subject of the article is social risks of physiological nature. The problem of social risks lies in the fact that under conditions of rapid global changes and social transformations, issues of managing social risks, especially those of physiological nature, which affect the quality of life of individuals, the population, and society, are becoming more urgent. Physiological risks are characterized by a high probability of losses, efforts of the whole society are directed at overcoming them, and their minimization is possible under conditions of realizing the social responsibility of all members of the society. The aim of the article is to determine the prerequisites for, factors, and mechanisms of emergence of physiological risks. To achieve the aim, the methods of theoretical research, namely theoretical generalization, systems and statistical analysis, are used. The article defines a system of factors based on the classification of their objective and subjective characteristics with the identification of factors that increase the probability of occurrence of these risks. The objective factors include demographic (age, sex) and physiological (genetic disposition, health, congenital anomalies, acquired dysfunctions) ones. Subjective factors include environmental factors (level, conditions, lifestyle, environmental conditions, working conditions, socio-economic characteristics of an individual). It is noted that physiological risks are a problem not only of an individual concerned but of the whole society as well. The society must be directly involved in its solving, because an individual is not always able to overcome his/her physiological problem. And the first stage here is to determine the factors of emergence of physiological risks and mechanisms of their influence on such risks, which will allow to use a fundamental approach to the problem of managing social risks, create an effective system of methods aimed at preventing them, reducing the probability of their emergence, and mitigating negative consequences of their occurrence. Article is written in Ukrainian
Kovalyov V. M., Atayeva O. A.
Theoretical Bases of Social and Economic Transformations in Ukraine and the World (p. 366 - 374)
The theoretical bases of the social transformations of mankind, conditioned by the modern social crisis and the emergence of the class structure of the human community in the distant past, are revealed. It is established that despite the existing economic concept of the human “bio — socio — spiritual” essence, as a matter of fact, it is determined by a triune material, spiritual, and social nature, according to the requirements of which, historically justified social changes in the human community take place. It is asserted that the emergence and development of the new social science “human studies”, which connects human knowledge and scientific achievements in all spheres of human activity, will play a decisive role in the system of natural social changes of mankind. The basic principles of the formation and organization of this science and their manifestations are determined. There revealed the economic essence of the notion “sociality”, its place and role in transformation processes as a category not attributed to the human nature of an individual but to society as a whole, with the disappearance of the class nature of which prerequisites for transforming it into a spiritually humanistic dominant of the entire society will arise. Materiality is defined as the primary quality of the world and man, as a manifestation of his physical state, which is supported by the consumption of material resources. It is recognized that the sources of social transformations of mankind in the future are realized through such prerequisites as: the system of objectively operating laws of development of nature and society (the laws of equilibrium, correspondence of production relations to the level of productive forces, human evolution; the basic economic law; laws regulating labor payment); the system of scientific knowledge; objectively operating conditions concerning the possibility of such transformations that are stimulated by global changes in the level and quality of productive forces as a result of the application of new nanotechnologies, robotization, artificial intelligence, holographic measurement of the universe, new types of energy, etc. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2018
Laptiev V. I.
The Formation of a Problem-Oriented Human Resource Management System (p. 210 - 216)
The article deals with the issues of human resource management in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to develop a methodological support for the formation of a problem-oriented human resource management system in the context of transformational changes. A structural and logical scheme for studying the problem of ensuring the effectiveness of human resource management is proposed. The realities of the modern state of human resource management are investigated, and the main problems are identified, which is the basis for the development of a methodology for the formation of a problem-oriented human resource management system. The structure of the problem-oriented human resource management system, including management institutions, management levels, functions of the management system, external and internal factors, is substantiated. There proved the need to take into account the three-level structure in the formation of a problem-oriented human resource management system for the implementation of comprehensive system management at the macro, meso and micro levels. Article is written in Ukrainian
Novikova O. F., Pankova O. V.
Forced Migration of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Ukraine: Current Situation, Problems, Solutions (p. 217 - 225)
The aim of the article is to highlight the situation and problems concerning the forced migration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine, as well as to suggest ways for addressing the problems. There analyzed the specificity of the forced displacement of the population of Ukraine due to the temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and certain regions of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the armed conflict in the east of Ukraine. To conduct the analysis, statistical data, results of the carried out expert survey, research data and reports of international organizations were used. The article discusses the problems encountered by internally displaced persons (IDPs) in connection with the situation of displacement, motives for moving from temporarily occupied territories, data on the length of staying in places of resettlement, and plans for further movement. Attention is focused on the main achievements and shortcomings of the state policy regarding IDPs. The contribution of national civil society institutions and international organizations to the provision of various forms of assistance and support to IDPs is noted. Based on the analysis, a number of directions for improving the state migration policy under conditions of massive forced internal displacement are proposed. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2018
Oglikh V. V., Volkova V. V., Shapovalov A. V.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Changes in the Crime Rate in Ukraine (p. 278 - 285)
The aim of the article is to clarify the basic socio-economic determinants of criminal behavior of an individual in the “person-society” system in order to determine directions and prospects for decreasing the crime rate in Ukraine based on the techniques and methods of mathematical modeling. An analytical study of the statistical laws that link human capital and the criminal rate in the country in a regional context as well as the criteria that determine the level and quality of life of the Ukrainian population is extremely important. Such research will contribute to changes in the generally accepted views on this issue in the Ukrainian society, development of modern society, elimination of deformations, as well as formation of awareness of the need to preserve and enhance human resources. The results of the factor, component, cluster analysis and forecasting confirmed that it is the indicators selected in the work that have the most significant influence on the crime rate in the country, and therefore determine the main directions of the corresponding socio-political transformations. The clustering of regions of Ukraine using k-means by minimizing the average intraclass distance has allowed mapping the projected trends in crime rates across regions of Ukraine. The identified in the work characteristics of negative aspects of social reality, which directly or indirectly form a complex of crimes, act within the political, economic, organizational, managerial, social, moral, spiritual, socio-psychological, cultural, and educational spheres of life. The results of the study give every reason to assert that with the constant negative determinants identified, upon the condition that the current socio-economic situation is preserved, there will be no real positive changes in the criminal rate. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2019
Sydorchuk O. G.
The Social Security Strategy of Ukraine: Sequence of Formation and Implementation Directions (p. 176 - 183)
There justified the need for government regulation of social security in connection with the growth of threats and dangers to the realization of social interests of management subjects, uncontrollable socio-economic processes of the country’s development, growing decrease in competitive advantages of the national economy in terms of accumulating human capital, overcoming the negative consequences of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, carrying out a system of reforms under conditions of limited opportunities, successful European integration, etc. The results of an expert survey, which, along with the theoretical generalization and results of an economic and statistical analysis, have become the rationale for management decisions and strategic priorities of social security, are presented. The features of social security under conditions of transition to a new model of national security are identified. The goal, principles, criteria for achieving the social security strategy and directions for its formation and implementation are described. A model for the formation of internal and external threats affecting social security is elaborated. There developed a draft of the Social Security Strategy of Ukraine, which presents a detailed description of the content of the strategic directions in the field of social security with the subsequent filling of each direction with measures for ensuring their implementation. There identified, substantiated, and proposed strategic directions for ensuring social security, which comprise the whole range of current problems and provide the basis for creating conditions for safe and progressive development of the country, increasing its competitiveness, and implementing the optimistic scenario of the development of society and man. The strategic directions of social security are focused on creating conditions for a decent, safe, secure, competitive, socially responsible, developed society, which should have a high degree of government regulation of these processes for the benefit of the main subject of social security management – man. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2019
Bondarevska K. V.
Current Trends in the Development of the Labor Market in the Context of Social Security of the State (p. 255 - 262)
The article considers the features of the development of the domestic labor market under modern conditions in the context of the need to ensure social security of the state. In the course of the study, the main trends in the development of the labor market are identified, and measures to improve the situation are justified. It is determined that the modern labor market is characterized by an imbalance between labor supply and labor demand; inefficient use of labor potential, in particular, in the youth labor market; high growth rates of unemployment in rural areas, a decrease in the number of employed people by major economic sectors. For the purpose of ensuring the social security of the state, there justified the need for improving the welfare of society due to solving the problem of employment by applying the following measures: forming a mechanism for effective interaction of the labor market and the market for educational services; granting subsidies to employers hiring entry-level candidates; providing tax incentives for these enterprises; establishing conditions for the creation of new jobs; introducing a lifelong education system; applying the mechanism of paid community works; building a system for monitoring labor market indicators; improving the regulatory framework for social and labor relations. Article is written in Ukrainian
Tkachuk V. I., Kravchuk N. І., Kilnitska O. S.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Food Insecurity (p. 263 - 273)
The article presents the theoretical and methodological discourse of the concepts “food security”, “food insecurity”, “malnutrition”, “hunger” and their complementarity. The levels of food security and its range according to the USDA Food Safety Methodology are determined. The economic, social, political, climatic determinants of food insecurity are identified. The problem of prevalence of malnutrition and hunger in the world is considered. The strategic objectives of Global Food Security until 2030 are considered. The international experience of overcoming food insecurity is studied, and the effectiveness of state social programs is investigated. The importance of Ukraine’s participation in international food security programs is emphasized. The tasks and indicators of overcoming food insecurity in Ukraine by 2030 are described in accordance with the goals of sustainable development, in particular: ensuring the availability of balanced nutrition at the level of scientifically based standards for all segments of the population; increasing agricultural productivity, primarily through the use of innovative technologies; ensuring the creation of sustainable food production systems that contribute to the conservation of ecosystems and gradual improvement of soil quality; reducing food price volatility. The driving forces of food insecurity of the population and the possible ways to overcome them are determined. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2019
Pankova O. V., Kasperovich O. Y.
The Formation of Effective Communication Strategies for Interaction of Agents of Socio-Economic Development in the Context of Digital Transformations: Methodological Aspect (p. 200 - 208)
The aim of the article is to justify the methodological bases for the elaboration and implementation of effective communication strategies for interaction of agents of socio-economic development, taking into account the impact of digital transformations. In this context, the authors consider the specific features of modern Ukrainian society and the impact of digital transformations on the interaction of agents of socio-economic development, including the negative impact on the processes of communication in society, which significantly limits the possibility of social dialogue in society and, accordingly, requires response from authorities, public, business and the scientific community. It is determined that there is a need to improve the methodological bases of the formation of communication strategies for interaction of agents of socio-economic development. The study substantiates the main areas for improving the existing methodological approaches to the elaboration of communication systems of agents of socio-economic development, in particular, transition to the platform of socially responsible partnership as a socio-innovative system for organizing interaction of social actors combining the principles and mechanisms of social dialogue with those for ensuring social responsibility. The structural components of the information and communication environment are analyzed, with special emphasis made on social factors of communication, in particular – issues of trust, informedness and motivation for interaction. The key methodological bases for the development and implementation of a modern communication strategy in the context of digital transformations are identified. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2020
Tsymbaliuk S. O., Tsymbaliuk D. I.
Methodology and Assessment of Labor Remuneration in Terms of Implementing the Principles of Decent Work in Ukraine (p. 290 - 297)
The aim of the work is to highlight the methodological and methodical aspects, and the results of studying labor remuneration in terms of implementing the principles of decent work in Ukraine. The necessity of implementing the concept of decent work and its payment into the practice of social and labor relations is substantiated. The methodological basis for developing tools to assess wages in terms of implementing the principles of decent work is formulated. Indicators and standards of decent wages for the macro level are proposed. Based on the results of the expert survey, the reliability of the formed indicators and their weights are determined. Various methodological approaches to calculating single indices of decent wages are proposed depending on the specifics of the indicators, units of measurement, established standards, and the availability of a basis for comparison. The article contains the methodology for determining a composite indicator of decent wages, which can be used to carry out a comparative analysis of the wage policy of various countries and their ranking. Ranges of values for the composite indicator of decent wages are developed to determine its level and trends in labor remuneration. The results of assessing wages in terms of implementing the principles of decent work in Ukraine showed that single indices have zero values for most indicators. The composite indicator of decent wages at the macro level corresponds to the level “below average”, which indicates a number of shortcomings in the wage policy in Ukraine. The results of the study indicate a lack of attention of government bodies, enterprise managers, and social partnership parties to wage management issues, which requires developing innovative mechanisms for the formation of wage policy based on decent work. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2020
Bondarevska K. V.
Institutional Support for Social Security in the Labor Market: International Experience and Domestic Realities (p. 382 - 388)
The article outlines the author’s vision of the institutional support for social security in the labor market and its components, in particular, relevant institutions (state and local government bodies, institutions of state regulation of the labor market and social partnership, educational institutions, mediation institutions) and other institutions (legal and regulatory, financial, informational support, economic laws regulating labor market functioning, social rules and norms of behavior, traditions and values, corporate norms). Moreover, the main components of the mechanism of institutional support for social security in the labor market are identified. They include the influence of subjects of social security in the labor market on relevant objects, based on resource support and principles, using corresponding methods, tools and leverage. Features of the current state of the institutional support for the labor market are examined and its main problematic aspects, in particular, in the context of activities of the State Employment Service of Ukraine, are highlighted. The need to apply best practices is considered with regard to the formation of an active state policy in the labor market and the concept “flexicurity”, which is a combination of flexible and non-standard forms of employment with appropriate social protection of employees. Among the priority areas for improving institutional support for social security in the labor market, the author identifies the following: providing a legislative framework for social security and defining measures to ensure it; implementing social standards of developed European countries in domestic practice; bringing the legal framework for social security in the field of employment in accordance with international requirements, with consideration for domestic realities; improving the functional aspects of institutional support by redistributing the powers and functions of state bodies in the context of decentralization as well as taking into account the need to introduce innovations in the activities of relevant institutions. Article is written in Ukrainian
Lunkina T. I.
Formation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Agricultural Sector: Conceptual Approaches (p. 389 - 396)
In the modern world, economic relations that arise between business entities are increasingly influenced by social relations, which become dominant and determine the role and relevance of local social responsibility (LSR).The aim of the article is to explore conceptual approaches to formation of corporate social responsibility in the agrarian sector. The article analyzes the main modern conceptual approaches that influence formation of social responsibility. A conceptual model for forming social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is created. It is established that forming social responsibility is possible provided that all levels of interaction are included. It is proved that the impact of social responsibility on the agrarian sector manifests itself through four levels of functioning. It is justified that each next level cannot be developed without the functioning of the previous one. The system of tools for enhancing local social responsibility by certain areas of an agrarian enterprise’s activities, in particular: technical, technological, economic, environmental and individual ones, is built. The list of agents of local social responsibility in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is supplemented, taking into account the criteria of the ISO standards. Based on the studies, it is found that the adoption of practices of local social responsibility in Ukraine is limited due to lack of information. Article is written in Ukrainian
Oganezova G. V.
Institutionalization of Self-Preservation: Theoretical and Methodological Approach (p. 397 - 406)
The relevance of the topic is due to the absence in economic studies of specific algorithms for activating self-preservation that determines the health of a country’s population, and therefore, its human capital. The author sees the solution to this problem in institutionalization of self-preservation. The paper presents a methodological approach to the formation of the institution of self-preservation, which includes a theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to studying health and self-preservation, practical analysis and diagnosis of self-preservation of the country’s population, substantiation of the need for mechanisms for institutionalizing self-preservation and their development. The methodology for institutionalizing self-preservation is based on an institutional approach and the theory of health risk factors. Self-preservation is described as an individual’s obligations to preserve his/her health, which are manifested in actions aimed at achieving socio-economic well-being, allowing a healthy lifestyle, ensuring ecological parameters of everyday life, characterizing his/her participation in medical events. The analysis of self-preservation in Ukraine from the standpoint of the theory of health risk factors shows that an institutional trap – the institution of health-damaging behavior was formed in the country. For its transformation, a mechanism for institutionalizing self-preservation is proposed. The mechanism consists of regulatory, organizational, economic and information tools that coordinate the interaction of economic entities in such a way as to neutralize the negative impact of health risk factors and enhance their positive impact, which contributes to increased personal responsibility for health. Article is written in Ukrainian
Romanovska Y. A.
Influence of the Demographic Factor on Socio-Economic Security of a City (p. 407 - 415)
Socio- economic security is one of the important conditions for development of a city. Its provision depends on the influence of a combination of factors, the demographic one being among most important. This factor is complex in nature, thus, in studying its impact on socio-economic security of an urban geosystem, two aspects are singled out – birth to death ratio and labor migration. The impact of labor migration on socio-economic security of an urban geosystem is multifaceted. In view of this, for its consideration, a cognitive map for two types of labor migration – labor emigration and labor immigration – is developed. In the cognitive map, the impact of labor migration on socio-economic security of a city is described in two loops – short-term and long-term ones. Based on the results of the study, it is found that the relationships between the factors, processes and phenomena which determine the impact of labor migration on socio-economic security of a city are non-linear and not simple, with labor migration being simultaneously a factor of the state of socio-economic security of the city and its consequence. Quantitative assessment of the influence of the demographic factor on socio-economic security of an urban geosystem requires reliable data, which can be used to determine the main parameters of internal and external migration flows. Indeed, based on the existing estimates, it is difficult to imagine the scale of internal and external migration, its impact on the social component of an urban geosystem, as well as to organize activities of the city government to ensure the socio-economic security of the city. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2020
Bondarevska K. V.
Informal Employment as a Threat to Social Security in the Labor Market in Ukraine within an Economic Transformation (p. 190 - 196)
The specific features of informal employment, which is one of the main threats to social security in the labor market, in the context of transformational changes in the economic environment have been identified, and current trends in informal employment have been analyzed. The priority directions of the state policy aimed at eliminating the threats of the informal labor market have been substantiated. The main reasons for the spread of informal employment in Ukraine have been considered, taking into account the peculiarities of the current economic development, as well as the consequences of informal social and labor relations for both the employee and the state. The research has highlighted the current trends in informal employment in Ukraine’s labor market. This has been done by characterizing informal employment by job, place of residence, gender, age, education, industry and region. The results of the statistical grouping show an inverse relationship between informal employment, on the one hand, and gross regional product per capita, as well as disposable income per capita, on the other hand. Thus, with the increase in the scale of informal employment by region, both the gross regional product and disposable income are dropping. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the relationship between informal employment and the amount of disposable income per capita, which consists in the fact that low income pushes people to look for additional earnings and ways to overcome poverty, informal sources of wages and informal social and labor relations being among the latter. Given the significant negative impact of informal employment on the economic development in Ukraine’s regions and on the standard of living of the population, the following priority measures neutralizing the threat of informal social and labor relations have been named: creation of new official jobs in key economic areas, including industry, agro-industrial complex, construction, transport, etc.; development and introduction of innovative employment and self-employment forms with the official reporting of employment income; development of small and medium business through the application of practices used in advanced countries, e.g. providing tax benefits for the first two years of the enterprise activity; development of youth entrepreneurship by providing young people with preferential taxation and by simplifying the mechanisms of registering and licensing their activities; stricter control over the businesses’ compliance with labor and tax legislation and increasing the severity of penalties applied in case of violations. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2020
Berveno O. V., Yurchenko L. S.
The Main Directions of the Employment Promotion Policy in the Conditions of Economy Digitalization (p. 351 - 356)
The social and labor sphere in the conditions of digital transformation requires special care of the state and theoretical comprehension of the possibilities of the state employment regulation. The article aims at carrying out systemic analysis of opportunities, features and directions of the state influence on employment in the context of economy digitalization. Technological changes form new challenges in the field of social and labor relations, relations concerning the human resources formation and involvement, and the involvement of people in economic activities. These are changes that create uncertainty and risks both in the system of employment and self-realization of human labor potential, and in the system of income. Digital technologies have created a completely specific work process, bringing changes into all its elements, namely: the subject and means of labor, technology, organization and result of labor. The impact of digital technologies on labor market changes take place in several important directions, namely: the intensification of migration processes; interprofessional and intra-firm mobility; development of modern employees’ adaptive skills; ability to learn throughout life; growth of the competitive advantages of educated, professional, and creative staff; development of flexible forms of employment. Contradictory processes in the field of labor and socio-labor relations make special requirements to socio-economic policies in employment promote. Modern employment policy has close complementary links with human development policy. Its important direction is the one of creating an effective retraining system, helping to acquire new professional competencies, and it involves close cooperation with the educational sphere. Mechanisms for de-shadowing hidden unemployment and eradicating informal employment, especially its precarious forms, are of great relevance to the Ukrainian economy. An important aspect of expanding employment opportunities is promoting the development of remote employment together with its consistent institutionalism. Article is written in Ukrainian
Mykhailenko D. H., Hrypich O. V.
Transformation Issues of Social Policy as a Basis for the Social Security of a State (p. 357 - 363)
One of the important tasks of social policy is to ensure the social security and development of a state. Protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats is ensured by social security. Social development is reflected in the effective implementation of social programs aimed at improving social welfare and the well-being of citizens. The article is aimed at suggesting some approaches to define social policy as a basis for the formation of social security of a state. Legal documents regulating security formation in the social sphere are considered. The components of social security are identified. Approaches to define the social policy of a state in the context of social security formation are offered. The types and models for carrying out social policies in the view of forming the social security of a state are analyzed. Ukraine’s social policy needs to be transformed, as it is characterized by low economic efficiency, this being the reason for the state’s inability to ensure a high level of well-being for all its citizens. Domestic social policy is characterized by a low level of security and limited social benefits for ordinary citizens, but the elite can use a whole system of social benefits and privileges. All this threatens the social security of the state. The ideology of domestic social policy makes the citizens highly dependent on the state, instead of promoting the citizens’ initiatives. However, the social security formation is impossible without improving life quality and bringing in social welfare, and without reforming and developing the social sphere. It can only become possible if social consensus is reached between different groups of political and economic interests and the state. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2021
Drymalovska K. V., Bala R. D.
State Social Policy: Essence, Models, Directions (p. 178 - 184)
The article aims at analyzing domestic and foreign experience in social policy provision (the essence of the concept, its basic models and directions), as it acts as a kind of lever to determine the principles, priorities, directions of the social sphere development. The article suggests a new definition of the "social policy" concept through analyzing the content of the category in question. The public administration approach to understanding the "social policy" concept is also outlined. The article identifies the priority directions of transformations in the EU member states’ social policy, which are taking place due to globalization challenges. Based on these areas, the main principles of European social policy are identified, namely: inclusiveness, gender equality, digitalization, support for youth policy development (employment, education), and financial education of citizens. Social policy in such countries as Canada, Germany, China, and Australia is analyzed, and peculiarities of its changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic are considered in the following areas: support for employment, social protection and the unemployed; social support for certain social groups; support for business development. The main means helping to implement the outlined areas are identified, namely: creation of funds to support certain social groups; formation of favorable conditions for lending to small, medium and large businesses; financing of various social programs (providing employment, training, and wage subsidies). The main directions of domestic social policy in the COVID-19 pandemic are also given. Relevant conclusions on domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of social policy are formed. Further research can be related to the issues of creating a mechanism for an effective social policy implementation. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2021
Oganezova G. V.
Government’s Social Responsibility for Public Health: Need for Institutionalization (p. 236 - 244)
The fact that the health of Ukraine’s people is rather poor proves the importance of substantiating the need for institutionalizing the government’s social responsibility for public health (GSR for PH) as a basic component of a health-oriented economy in modern conditions. The methodological approach to forming the GSR for PH institution is developed; within this approach the essence of the GSR for PH and its structure are defined, and theoretic approaches to forming the GSR for PH are suggested, as well as case studies for the GSR for PH and its diagnostication within a state, and rationale for and mechanisms of the GSR for PH institutionalization. The methodology of institutionalizing the GSR for PH is based on the institutional approach and the theory of health risk factors. The GSR for PH is presented as the obligations of a state, which are expressed in actions that are aimed at the socio-economic well-being and lifestyle of both the population and every individual as a carrier of health capital; ensure the safety and efficiency of human capital; provide environmental parameters for the actualization of human capital; characterize the organization of providing health care to the population, ensure its quality and accessibility. The analysis of the GSR for PH in Ukraine from the standpoint of the theory of health risk factors shows the inefficiency of state institutions responsible for maintaining public health; an institutional trap has been identified in some areas of the public health care system. In order to transform inefficient institutions, a mechanism for institutionalizing the GSR for PH is proposed, which includes regulatory, business, and information instruments; they coordinate the actions of economic entities in their interaction in such a way as to offset the negative impact of health risk factors, and enhance the positive impact, which contributes to increasing the government’s, employers’ and individuals’ responsibility for health at every level. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2021
Vasylyk A. V., Bilyk O. M., Pitko I. Y.
Ensuring the Professional Work Capacity of Staff amid the New Socio-Economic Reality (p. 160 - 166)
The essence and factors of professional work capacity, as well as its role in ensuring high job performance, are analyzed. The main task of the study was to analyze factors influencing the working capacity of modern employees; to identify the level of their satisfaction with the conditions and management of work; and to substantiate the ways to improve work capacity at enterprises, taking into account current threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the survey, the satisfaction level of employees at Ukrainian enterprises as for the existing measures aimed at ensuring and maintaining the work capacity of staff at the workplace, e.g. working conditions and recreation and other measures, is analyzed. The subjective fatigue among employees has been assessed, revealing the absence of a system for monitoring the working capacity and general physical and mental state of employees at enterprises, which makes it impossible to introduce qualitative measures to maintain and improve working capacity and eliminate the effects of fatigue. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the conditions and management of work at enterprises, on the employee’s working capacity and their sense of physical and psychological well-being have been identified. Based on the study, the main areas for improving the work capacity of staff at the workplace in the new socio-economic conditions, which would reflect the expectations and needs of employees, are systematized. Priority measures that should be implemented at enterprises to maintain and improve the professional work capacity of staff include the following: clear regulation of job responsibilities and rational distribution of workload among all workflow participants; reduction of the hazardous effect of working conditions on human body; protection of employees from the already existing and potential hazards; compensation of excessive workload by various financial incentives, intangible incentives, improvement of working conditions and recreation; taking into account employees’ individual attributes when planning workload; organization of psychological assistance and counseling for staff members, training sessions on Time-management and Team-building, improvement of social and psychological climate. Article is written in Ukrainian
Vonberg T. V., Motchana E. M.
Dynamics of Motivational Levers Influenced by the Pandemic (p. 167 - 174)
The article is aimed at analyzing the motivational levers for effective work, which used to be effective before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and became effective after it. The article substantiates the relevance of studying motivational factors and probable changes in the motivational components of employees that arose in response to the emergence of a new virus and the necessity to profoundly change the usual activity schemes. Having analyzed and summarized the research in the field of motivation and incentives to work effectively, the authors have found out that the issue of changing motivational levers during the pandemic remains greatly unsolved, despite numerous developments. The study makes it possible to draw certain conclusions, namely: the pandemic has clearly affected the employees’ motivation and productivity, but this effect remains rather insignificant. For example, with the beginning of the pandemic, the share of respondents experiencing an average level of satisfaction with their work decreased, while the share of both respondents experiencing the highest level of satisfaction and those who were dissatisfied with their work, increased. Also, with the onset of the pandemic, the share of productive respondents decreased, while the share of respondents showing high and low levels of productivity increased. The study shows that with the onset of a pandemic, stability, comfortable workplace conditions and the prospect of additional income have become more important; at the same time, such factors as competitive wages and career opportunities have gradually begun to lose their leadership in the list of important motivational components for productive work. The survey confirms that over the past year, employees have increasingly begun to value stability and socially responsible attitude demonstrated by employers; and more and more employees have begun to appreciate a company’s attitude to its personnel during the heyday of the pandemic, its willingness to change along with changes in the environment, its readiness to support its personnel and suggest help if need be. Article is written in Ukrainian
Mykytenko N. V., Biliavska Y. V.
Determinants of Consumer Behaviour in the COVID-19 Pandemic (p. 175 - 184)
The article is aimed at identifying typical determinants of consumer behaviour amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and identifying current consumer trends and priorities in purchasing goods. An attempt is made to identify the main changes in the behaviour of modern consumers and the extent of changes in their preferences for buying goods. Consumer behaviour is defined as a complex socio-economic and, generally, interdisciplinary phenomenon accumulating a whole range of determinants. The authors have identified key factors determining consumer behaviour in the COVID-19 pandemic. It is confirmed that the current pandemic and the associated economic recession affect consumers’ sensitivity to the economic factor, stratifying them into four groups: vulnerable, conservative, optimistic and forced ascetics. The appearance of digital consumer, a new model of the buyer, is substantiated. A trend to significantly increase the volume of the consumer basket in 2020, and reduce the frequency of purchases with a focus on meeting primary human needs is revealed. New trends in consumer behaviour are identified: the focus on home cooking and eating at home, healthy lifestyle, protecting health, and feeling safe and secure. Particular attention is paid to reviewing product categories preferred by the modern consumer. Deterioration of the consumers’ psychological stability and increase in the level of tension and conflict in the course of service in outlets is proved. A summary of the features of the consumer sentiment evolution is made by the stages of the COVID-19 pandemic global development. The opportunities opened by the pandemic for the modern consumer and the process of consumption, in general are substantiated. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2021
Tarnovska I. V., Vlasova V. P.
Intensification of Entrepreneurial Initiative as a Way to Ensure Employment of ATO / JFO Veterans: Ukrainian Practice and Global Experience (p. 203 - 210)
The article is aimed at studying the domestic and global experience of intensifying the entrepreneurial initiative of military conflicts veterans and using it as a basis to create a pattern for activating the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans. The article proves the presupposition that employment of combat veterans around the world is a difficult task. The experience of integrating combatants into civilian life by intensifying their entrepreneurial initiative in countries involved in various military conflicts, including the United States, Great Britain, Denmark, the Netherlands and Croatia, has been studied. The study shows that Ukraine has regional, international and governmental programs aimed at adapting veterans to peaceful life. Most of these programs have complex tasks, namely: to organize physical rehabilitation and intensify the entrepreneurial activities of veterans. However, the state of implementation of these programs varies among the regions. The “Norway-Ukraine. Professional adaptation. Integration into the state system” (NUPASS) project is among the international projects that have successful experience in intensifying the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans. Summarizing the results of sociological research on employing ATO / JFO veterans and their entrepreneurial activity, we have come to conclusion that ATO participants are facing typical problems, just as other entrepreneurs are, in starting and running their own business, making mistakes and failing. The veterans’ business is in the same unfavorable conditions as the standard one is. The article notes that, despite a number of problems that exist in this area, institutional and legal preconditions have been created to accelerate entrepreneurial activity among veterans. Ukrainian society as a whole is positive-minded as for the integration of anti-terrorist operation participants, and most employers are socially responsible. The authors suggest a general pattern of intensifying entrepreneurial activity of ATO / JFO veterans, which is based on the interaction of ATO / JFS veterans and their families, state authorities, international organizations, public organizations and veterans’ associations. Specific factors that contribute to activating the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans are identified, and the favourable result obtained due to such activation is stated. The main favourable result is a comprehensive approach to promoting veterans’ business, which is revealed in a well-thought-out holistic long-term policy. The approach includes such elements as entrepreneurship training, various sources of financial support, and mentoring during the implementation of the entire business project of ATO / JFO veterans. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2022
Perehudova T. V.
Consequences of the War in Ukraine for the National Labor Market, Directions of Employment Support (p. 184 - 191)
Nowadays Ukrainian society is faced with a new problem of preserving social and economic capital, maintaining socioeconomic balance and forming strategies for the further postwar recovery of the country, which requires an assessment of the state of the national labor market with the development of proposals for supporting the employment of the population. Therefore, the article is aimed at evaluating the consequences of the war in Ukraine in terms of a decrease in the level of employment, determining the directions for preserving / creating jobs, taking into account the present conditions where Ukraine has to deal with military hostilities, taking into account the principles of forming a competitive economy. The article is concerned with outlining the main threats of war for the national labor market with the definition of the main directions of the employment support. The loss of labor potential is analyzed, which is one of the acute humanitarian problems. Based on the calculation of the coefficient of elasticity of employment, a forecast of a decrease in the level of employment in 2022 appears as a result of a decline in the economy because of military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The biggest drops in employment are possible with a 50% drop in GDP and an increased sensitivity between falling GDP and employment. Therefore, the State regulation of the labor market should take place taking into account the fact that during the recession it is necessary to reduce such sensitivity, and with the subsequent postwar recovery of the economy is important, on the contrary, to increase the sensitivity between GDP growth and employment to ensure maximum social and labor involvement of the population of Ukraine, which is quite possible with a large-scale reconstruction of the country and the development of the economy, which will be accompanied by an increase in demand for labor. Measures are proposed to support employment in accordance with the conditions of the national economy of wartime, which will contribute to an increase in the level of GDP and the level of income of the population. The role of non-standard forms of employment in coordinating the negative consequences of the economic crisis in Ukraine is determined. It is proposed to use such programs to protect wage recipients as «work-sharing», subsidization of wages, etc. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2022
Luchyk S. D., Luchyk M. V.
Poverty in Ukraine: Realities of Today and Forecasts for Overcoming (p. 222 - 231)
The purpose of the article is to study the problems of poverty in Ukraine and substantiate ways to overcome it. Analyzing, systematizing and generalizing the reporting data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the State Employment Service of Ukraine and other State-based institutions, the authors of the article reveal the situation with poverty of the population that occurred in the country as of the beginning of 2022, determine the impact on it of demographic factors, employment, wages, and social protection. The article highlights the problems of sharp deepening of poverty of the Ukrainian population, which is caused by the destruction of the national economy as a result of the unfolding of a full-scale war in the country. The components of incomes of the population in wartime are analyzed, in particular, wage payments, social benefits (pensions, unemployment benefits, aid to internally displaced persons, etc.). The situation with inflation in the country, the sharp growth of which led to a catastrophic decline in the incomes of Ukrainians, is examined. The forecast estimates for the short term on the dynamics of Ukraine’s GDP and inflation developed by international and domestic organizations, as well as by the government of the country, are considered and analyzed. This allowed to outline possible ways to reduce the poverty level of Ukrainians through the efficient use of financial assistance received from international organizations and different countries by directing it to restore the national economy at a new technological level. This is, first of all, the further development of the IT sphere, as well as the introduction and development of high-tech industries in Ukraine, which will be able to revive the labor market, expand it, increase tax revenues to the budget and increase incomes of Ukrainians, and therefore reduce the poverty of the population and return human capital to the country. Prospects for further research in this direction are further study of national economic policies of different countries to overcome poverty of the population. Article is written in Ukrainian
Novikova T. V., Khrystoforova O. M., Morozova N. L., Malafeyev T. R., Babenko M. V.
Personal Brand Promotion Model (p. 232 - 244)
The purpose of the article is to build a model of the formation of one's own brand, which is based on a wide range of principles of system analysis, and allows to predict the effectiveness of the decisions made. The article proves that for the effective formation and promotion of a personal brand, one should understand the purpose and functions of its formation, take into account all the conditions that can affect it, and master the tools and methods of brand management. The work proposes the formation of an algorithm for creating one's own brand under the influence of all possible factors and conditions. It is noted that the conditions for the formation of a personal brand are formed based on five levels of perception of the personality by the surrounding people: emotional, personal, behavioral, level of uniqueness and personal identification. It has been studied that the main goal of forming a personal brand can be called the creation and strengthening of an image, as well as increasing recognition to raise popularity among the audience. In order to achieve all the goals and tasks set, the tools of forming a personal brand are grouped in the work. In addition, the article discusses special paid and free services, as well as auxiliary tools for successful brand promotion in social networks. It was determined that the success of forming a personal brand depends on the effectiveness of the chosen methods of brand management and the developed algorithm for forming a personal brand. In general, it is proposed to distinguish three stages in the brand formation algorithm: choosing a niche and target audience, analyzing competitors and creating a brand promotion strategy. The article states that the task of evaluating or forecasting brand efficiency can be accomplished using four approaches, the most qualitative of which is the use of econometric modeling. A linear regression model was chosen for adequate processing of the entire set of indicators involved at this stage of the research, and the R-Studio software was used for its construction, which is a universal means of automating many marketing tasks. At the last stage of the work, target indicators were predicted depending on influencing factors. The performed econometric analysis proved the feasibility of using the developed model for more effective management of a personal Instagram page. The developed model made it possible to predict the most successful day and time of publication of the corresponding type of content. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2023
Kolot A. M., Herasymenko O. O., Shevchenko A. S., Babii Y. M.
The Ecosystem of Human Resources of Organizations as a Conceptology and an Applied Platform for Human-Centeredness (p. 282 - 294)
The article provides argumentation regarding the the essence, composition and structure of the ecosystem of human resources of organizations in the contour of human-centeredness. The factors of paradigm changes in the management of human resources of organizations in the third decade of the XXI century are disclosed. Factual data of asymmetries and contradictions in the current state of the social and labor sphere in the global dimension, that become a threat to national security, are presented. The main drivers of the global economy have been allocated as evidence of the unattainability of social quality standards. The relevance of the ecosystem of human resources of organizations as the main focus of economic activity is substantiated. The understanding of the theoretical construct is revealed and the fundamental foundations of the conceptology of the ecosystem of human resources in the context of human-centeredness are outlined. Within the framework of the genesis, the components and semantic characteristics of the concept of «ecosystem» are highlighted. A comparative parallel is drawn between the ecosystem of human resources of organizations and traditional HR management. The innovations in social and labor relations, also in the in social and labor interaction of economic agents in the ecosystem are defined. The mental model of the ecosystem of human resources as one of the local components of the socioeconomic system and the «product» of economic convergence is disclosed. The actualization of new, non-standard, hybrid forms of relationships and interactions between socioeconomic agents is underlined. Emphasis is placed on the post-industrial type of social and labor convergence. A comprehensive map has been proposed, which clearly reflects the authors? own vision of the structure and component saturation of the ecosystem of human resources of organizations. The primacy and dominance of social policy in a human-oriented society are substantiated. The complex dimension of the human-centeredness model is emphasized and the components of this model are allocated. The authors? assessments of the future of man in the era of digitalization against the background of pessimistic forecasts of the gurus of modern economic thought are presented. The authors express the conviction of the need to establish a new worldview and human-oriented thinking for the sake of a balanced and agnostic perspective of sustainable socioeconomic, including socio-labor, development. Article is written in Ukrainian
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2023
Рopelo O. V., Kurash A. M.
A Mechanism of Communal Property Management as a Factor of Activation of Social Service of Resilience in the Context of Decentralization and War (p. 198 - 206)
The essence of a comprehensive social service for the formation of resilience is disclosed. The purpose and expected results from the implementation of the pilot project for the provision of social services for resilience are outlined. The tasks of the authorized bodies of the project participants are presented. The conditions for the participation of the territorial community in the introduction of a comprehensive social service for the formation of resilience are analyzed. The path of the community to the formation of resilience is considered. The difficulties of territorial communities on the way to the efficient use of benefits from the point of view of the interests of their residents are analyzed, in particular: arrangement of premises for the provision of a comprehensive service and ensuring its maintenance from the community budget; a large number of objects of communal property that is not used or that is in an abandoned state; a significant share of municipal infrastructure that is damaged as a result of the full-scale russian invasion, which has become a real challenge for each territorial community, etc. It is noted that the development of social services in territorial communities, in particular resilience services, will be facilitated by the efficient use of communal property resources, including: inventory of available communal property; determination of the number of communal property objects (including by starostats), the premises of which can be used for the work of social service providers, in particular those that meet the established requirements for the provision of viability services, taking into account the geography of their location (remoteness, quantity of population, conveyance, etc.), the needs of the population of specific settlements (starostats) in social services, depending on age, social status, social and demographic tendencies, etc.; formation of an open electronic database of communal property objects, on the basis of which potential providers of social services can work to attract/interest potential partners, including non-governmental organizations. A mechanism of communal property management in the context of activating the social service of resilience in the context of decentralization and war is proposed. Article is written in Ukrainian
Yildirim O., Khaustova V. Y., Ilyash O. I.
Reliability and Validity Adaptation of the Hospital Safety Climate Scale (p. 207 - 216)
Healthcare organisations take many precautions to ensure the safety of patients, the workplace and hospital staff, both because of health and safety legislation and to provide a quality service. Therefore, hospital safety climate scales are used to obtain important information. Aim: The aim of this study is based on Gershon, Karkashian, Grosch et al. (2000), and Smith, Zhao, Wang, Ho (2013) to adapt the reliability and validity of the 20-statement hospital safety climate scale. Method: The survey method was used in the research, and 401 students studying in health departments of 3 different foundation universities in Istanbul-Turkey were reached. SPSS for Windows 22.00 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used to analyse the data, confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was performed in AMOS program and Cronbach’s alpha values were calculated. In addition, AVE and CR values were calculated based on the size after confirmatory factor analysis. Results: In this study, four-stage CFA was applied to adjust the reliability and validity of the hospital safety climate scale. According to the statistical analyses applied, the fit values of the confirmatory factor analysis model found with the modifications in the fourth stage of the scale were within the limits of agreement, and finally 7 items of the 20-item scale were eliminated and a new structure consisting of four dimensions and 13 items was obtained. Results: It is considered that the hospital safety climate scale can be used in hospitals in Turkey, as its original dimensions are preserved in its structure consisting of 13 items obtained in the fourth stage. Article is written in English
|
УКР
ENG