Economics of Natural Resources and Environment

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2013

Koniakhina T.
Formation of the economic mechanism of solution of nature management problems (p. 306 - 311)
The article formulates a necessity and prospects of introduction of wasteless and low-waste technologies of production, which are effective long-term means of protection of environment. It systemises main conditions of solution of international problems of nature management and considers existing shortcomings, which hinder the process. It improves the mechanism of provision of ecological development of economy and solution of global ecological problems. It justifies mandatory directions of activity of an industrial enterprise on minimisation of negative impact of industrial production on environment. It analyses necessary conditions and specific features of functioning of the management system, which deals with administering ecologically oriented works and projects and bears responsibility for the results of their performance.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Saprikina L. N.
Formation of the paradigm of ecologically responsible consumption (p. 312 - 317)
The article considers a necessity of restructurisation of subjects of trading activity, identifies a paradigm of ecologically responsible consumption on the basis of strengthening of the general state imperative of ecologically responsible development of trade, analyses economic mechanisms of restructurisation of trading companies, and studies the structure of ecological capital of the subjects of trading activity.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Tarasova M. Y., Kravets E. O.
Model of assessment of influence of ecological investments upon environmental quality (p. 318 - 324)
The article justifies non-efficiency of the existing system of financing environment protection measures and expediency of use of specialised economic and mathematical tools of support of managerial decisions with respect to volumes of investing into the nature protection sphere. It develops an imitation model of assessment of influence of ecological investments upon environmental quality, which quantitatively describes interconnection between volumes of investing into nature protection measures, environmental quality, volume of green GDP and infection rate of the population. It establishes that the said model is a tool of support of managerial decisions at the stage of planning volumes of investing into nature protection activity and selection of priority directions of improvement of environmental quality. It shows that the said model is applicable for development of alternative scenarios of improvement of environmental quality on its basis.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2014

Samojlik M. S.
Economic and ecological optimal strategies of management of the system of regional solid waste disposal (p. 343 - 349)
The article develops an economic and ecological model of optimal management of the system of solid waste disposal at the regional level, identifies its target functions and forms optimisation scenarios of management of this sphere with theoretically optimal parameters’ values. Based on the model of management of the sphere of solid waste disposal the article forms an algorithm of identification of optimal managerial strategies and mechanisms of their realisation, which allows solution of the set tasks of optimisation of development of the sphere of solid waste disposal at a given set of values and parameters of the state of the system for a specific type of life cycle of solid waste and different subjects of this sphere. The developed model has a number of feasible solutions and, consequently, offers selection of the best of them with consideration of target functions. The article conducts a SWOT analysis of the current state of solid waste disposal in the Poltava region and identifies a necessity of development of a relevant strategy on the basis of the developed economic and ecological model with consideration of optimisation of mutually opposite criteria: ecological risk for the population from the sphere of solid waste disposal and total expenditures for this sphere functioning. The article conducts modelling of this situation by basic (current situation) and alternative scenarios and finds out that, at this stage, it is most expedient to build in the region four sorting lines and five regional solid waste grounds, while expenditures on this sphere are UAH 62.0 million per year, income from secondary raw material sales – UAH 71.2 per year and reduction of the ecological risk – UAH 13 million per year.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2017

Holian V. A., Sunduk A. М., Savchuk V. V.
The Institutional Bases of Investment Support for Rationalization of Agricultural Nature Management in Areas of Risk Farming (p. 340 - 346)
The features of the imbalance in agricultural nature management in areas of risk farming (drainage and irrigation areas, mountain territories) are determined. The main trends in the financing of capital investments and current expenditures for protection and rehabilitation of soil, groundwater and surface water are analyzed, which is a prerequisite for improving the institutional support for nature protection activities with respect to reproduction of the soil and water-resource potential. It is found that improving the institutional environment of investment support for nature protection and nature-exploitation activities is especially urgent for areas of risk farming, where balanced nature management is provided on the basis of coordinating the priorities for the use of land, water and biological resources. It is proved that the institutional bases of investing in the rationalization of agricultural land use in areas of risk farming should include proposals for expanding the set of incentives for financing the ecologization of the use of the agricultural resource potential, formation of public-private partnership agreements on the environmental reengineering of reclaimed territories and implementation of environmental investment projects within the framework of the Eastern Partnership programs.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Tomashevska O. A., Petrynyak N. S.
Problems of Development and Increase of Economic Efficiency of Sugar Beet Production (p. 347 - 352)
The aim of the article is the studying of the trends of development and economic efficiency of sugar beet production (using the example of agricultural enterprises of Rokytne district of Kyiv region) and an attempt to outline the directions for improvement of the situation in the sugar beet industry. As a result of the research, the dynamics of development and economic efficiency of sugar beet production at farms of Rokytne district of Kyiv region is analyzed, and the break-even volume of sugar beet production by agrarian enterprises of Kiev region and an individual enterprise of Rokytne district is determined. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of profitability of sugar beet production in the period from 2011 to 2015. The main problems hindering the development of sugar beet production are identified, namely, the lack of sales channels and high production costs. Prospects for further research in this area are to increase the economic efficiency of sugar beet production and find ways to develop this sector, provided that the production is properly organized, the manufacturing process is followed, the fertilizers are properly used, the seeds are chosen correctly, advanced technologies and high-performance equipment are applied, etc.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2017

Dzyubenko O. M.
Investment and Innovation Support for Forestry Practices of Permanent Forest Users under Conditions of Deepening the Institutional Transformations (p. 283 - 291)
The necessity of increasing the investment and innovative support for forestry practices as a necessary prerequisite to ensure the maximum possible wood growth and integrated use of forest resource potential is substantiated. It is found that under current conditions the main institutional prerequisite for attracting private investments in forestry is the establishment of partnerships between state forestry enterprises and private business entities. There analyzed the main tendencies of harvesting liquid wood from final felling, age structure of the main forest-forming species, area of increment felling at state forestry enterprises of Cherkasy region, which is a prerequisite for selecting priority areas for investment and innovation support for forestry practices of permanent forest users in the region. It is proved that the priority direction in investment and innovation support for forestry practices at state forestry enterprises of Cherkasy region is the formation of a mechanism for updating the fleet of production equipment and implements on a new technological basis, which will contribute to the maximum possible approximation of their forestry practices to the principles and rules of science-based forest management.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2017

Dzyubenko O. M.
Attraction of Foreign Investments in the Sphere of Economic Development of the Forest Resource Potential and Woodworking Industry: Institutional and Territorial Preconditions (p. 437 - 443)
It has been found that it is possible to overcome the existing investment deficit in the forestry and woodworking segments of the forestry sector of the national economy on the basis of expanding the list of forms, methods and sources of attracting foreign investments into the sphere of economic development of the forest resource potential and wood processing. There revealed main trends in the dynamics of expenses for the maintenance and operation of equipment, as well as the maintenance and operation of forest roads across the regional forestry and hunting management departments. The priorities of improving the institutional environment for attracting foreign investments in the sphere of economic development of the forest resource potential and woodworking industry are substantiated based on implementing by state forest enterprises joint projects with foreign partners, as well as projects within the framework of public-private partnership agreements.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Karpuk A. I., Nestoriak I. I.
Reproduction of Forest Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Bases and Mechanisms (p. 444 - 452)
It is proved that the reproduction of forest biodiversity under current economic conditions depends on the formation of appropriate mechanisms that will allow to include the priorities of conservation and enhancement of forest vegetation and faunal resources in the range of priorities of permanent forest users and other entities involved in forest exploitation activities. It is established that the expanded reproduction of forest biodiversity is directly related to the increase in the scale of forest reproduction, reduction of forest areas, fires, and intensification of forest protection from pests and diseases. It is justified that the formation of mechanisms for reproduction of forest biodiversity should be based on the creation of a modern system for monitoring forest vegetation and faunal resources, as well as on clear identification of sources of financial support for projects to increase and preserve biodiversity potential.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Lazebnyk I. O.
Adaptation of the Methodological Support to the Specifics of Management of “Smart” Environment (p. 453 - 458)
The aim of the article is to justify the analytic base of the methodological support for adopting new technology solutions necessary to improve management of the “smart” environment system. The article identifies the range of major problems facing modern large cities in the context of the growing urbanization and substantiates the need to introduce the concept of “smart environment for solving these problems. The main approaches to the definition of the concept of “smart” environment are considered. The main components of “smart” environment are identified and analyzed. The best world practices of leading cities, such as Dubai and Hong Kong, regarding the introduction of “smart” technologies are considered.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2018

Butrym О. V.
The Impact of Normative Monetary Valuation of Agricultural Land on Ensuring the Development of Low-Carbon Land Use (p. 384 - 389)
The aim of the article is to substantiate the prospects for introducing a low-carbon method of using agricultural land, which ensures a non-negative carbon balance in a reservoir of mineral soil. The need to offer financial and economic levers for its ensuring is determined. The importance of implementing the indicated changes is explained by the dynamics of quantitative parameters of agricultural production in comparison with characteristics of the existing qualitative state of soils. There proposed a direction of forming the financial and economic basis for introducing low-carbon land use through improvement of the pricing instrument for agricultural land plots, namely through supplementation of the method of normative monetary valuation with a coefficient taking into account the effect of change in the carbon reserves. The effectiveness of the proposed improvement is explained by the key influence of normative monetary valuation on the functioning of the system of financial and economic instruments that can be involved in economic transactions with land plots. The proposed approach provides the basis for the improvement of the processing of agricultural development programs as well as the restoration and conservation of agricultural resource potential.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Yarova B. M.
Problems of Creating a Specialized Institution for Managing the State-Owned Agricultural Estate (p. 390 - 395)
The aim of the article is to develop a new model for managing the state-owned agricultural lands taking into account the European experience. The analysis of the functioning of land funds in countries of the European Union is carried out, the basic characteristic features of their activity are singled out and grouped. As a result of the research, it is proposed to create a state specialized institution for managing the state-owned agricultural estate, ensuring the implementation of the state policy and development of rural areas that, unlike existing ones, carry out scientific research activities. The activities will focus on ensuring the implementation of state policies to regulate the agricultural land market; consolidating agricultural land; settling the problem of collective land ownership and the issue of recognition of agricultural lands as escheat inheritance; realizing on behalf of the state of the preferential right to acquire agricultural land plots in case of their sale; conducting intermediary activity in the market for agricultural estate, etc. The existence of a state specialized institution will allow land users not only to utilize but also to dispose land resources. An interesting and promising way to manage the state-owned agricultural lands can be using public-private partnership.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2018

Kyzym M. O., Yaroshenko I. V.
Instruments of Forestry Policy in Ukraine (p. 66 - 70)
The aim of the article is to study the theoretical bases and develop practical recommendations for the improvement of forestry policy instruments in Ukraine. The theoretical aspects of forming the forestry policy in Ukraine aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of the forestry sector are considered. The formulation of the forestry policy should be carried out with regard to following principles: openness; consideration for the interests of all stakeholders; coherence of the forestry policy with the policies of other sectors of the economy; application of the scientific approach for the selection of priority areas for developing the forestry sector. The effectiveness of forestry policy in many respects depends on the correct selection and consistency of the use of the relevant instruments. Forestry policy can be considered effective, provided that the set goals and objectives are achieved, it is successfully implemented in practice through applying its effective instruments. To evaluate the effectiveness of forestry policy and its instruments, it is proposed to conduct three types of analysis: preliminary, current and retrospective. There carried out classification of forestry policy instruments by breaking them down into following groups: legal, administrative, market, fiscal, financial, sanction and informational ones.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Zaloznova Y. S., Trushkina N. V., Kocheshkova I. M.
Improvement of Regulatory Support for the Development of Industrial Waste Management in Ukraine (p. 459 - 466)
The aim of the article is to develop proposals for improving regulatory support for the development of industrial waste management with consideration for the best foreign experience. As a result of the research, the shortcomings of the current normative legal documents on the regulation of waste management are analyzed, summarized and identified. It is determined that, first of all, it is necessary to implement the environmental legislation of Ukraine in accordance with the provisions of the Acquis communautaire (the EU legal system, including legislative acts adopted within the European Community, the common foreign and security policy) in the field of waste management. The proposals on the improvement of the legal system of industrial waste management are developed. It is established that the key principle of the national legislation in the field of development of a system for industrial waste management should be its adaptation to the norms of European law. The implementation of a number of European Union waste management requirements (Directive 2008/98 / EC) and waste disposal (Directive 1999/31 / EC) contributes to reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Kobylynska T. V.
Statistical Estimation of the Influence of Individual Factors on Emissions from Agricultural Enterprises of Zhytomyr region (p. 467 - 474)
The current state of environmental issues in our country, in particular those concerning statistical estimation of the environmental consequences of agricultural activities of enterprises, requires developing and implementing new approaches to statistical estimation of this sector. The aim of the article is to perform statistical estimation and statistical forecast of the influence of individual factors on the volumes of nitrogen oxide (NO) and PM10, PM2.5 by means of the methods of linear regression and chain substitution. Using the performed calculations, the information base of which is the data of a sampling, there carried out statistical forecast by means of the methods of linear regression, chain substitutions. The calculation of the forecast values with the application of linear progression, which is performed based on the algorithm for calculating forecast values with the application of linear regression, is justified. There suggested the statistical forecasting of nitrogen oxide (NO) and PM10, PM2.5 emissions with regard to the influence of various factors using the data obtained as a result of the sampling carried out for Zhytomyr region. The equations are calculated with the application of linear regression and imply constructing such straight lines for which the values lying on them will be as close as possible to the actual ones. The assessment of the quality of the trend equations is carried out using the coefficient of determination and the criteria for evaluating the significance.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2018

Mirzoieva T. V.
Revisiting the Issue of Economic Efficiency of Producing Medicinal Plants and Medicinal Plant Raw Materials (p. 267 - 272)
The aim of the article is to consider the essence of economic efficiency of producing medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials, calculate the production efficiency and identify the factors hindering its increase. In particular, within the framework of the publication, the economic efficiency of producing medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials is considered based on the example of producing such crops as chamomile, sage, and lemon balm, which are in considerable demand with processing enterprises and final consumers. Those manufacturers who successfully established manufacturing and sales of products receive a 100 % profit from chamomile production. This is upon condition that 600 kg of flower, 100 kg of pollen and petals, 200 kg of straw and 50-60 kg of seeds is collected from 1 ha, and subject to successful implementation. As for the economic efficiency of producing sage and lemon balm in 2018, here we can note a fairly high level of profitability — 167 and 170 %, respectively. In general, the variation in the level of profitability of medicinal plant production depends on an increase in the harvest of highly profitable species. In the course of studying the efficiency of medicinal plant growing, namely, producing medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials, the problems of stages of such production are briefly considered: 1) growing medicinal plants; 2) producing medicinal plant raw materials; 3) selling the raw materials or finished product. Thus, the investigation of the issue of the economic efficiency of production of medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials revealed two main, in our opinion, characteristic features of this sphere under modern conditions: on the one hand, a high level of profitability, which makes the production attractive, on the other hand, a set of factors constraining the development of this line of business in Ukraine.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2018

Dovgal O. A., Panova I. O.
Environmental Policy in the Process of Ecologization of Economic Development (p. 380 - 385)
The aim of the article is to summarize theoretical approaches to studying the content, principles, tools of environmental policy and its role in the process of ecologization of economic development. Based on the generalization of scientific works of many scholars, the modern ecological policy can be considered as a set of ideas and perceptions of a person about the character of their relationship to nature, acting as the theoretical basis for the conscious regulation of these relations by subjects of the policy and orienting the society towards the implementation of rational nature management. There justified the goals of the environmental policy, which are broken down into three groups: 1. Preservation of natural diversity and the primary state of the ecosystem. 2. Harmonization of socio-economic development and achievements of scientific and technological progress with the state of the environment. 3. System support for the implementation of phased ecologization of branches of the national economy with a view to a systematic strategic transition to functioning under conditions of the green economy. It is concluded that during the period of changing socio-economic development paradigms to ecological ones, it is important that all the population be prepared for the adoption of a new, ecological paradigm of development of the country and society as a whole. It is the level of integration of the ecological and political consciousness of people that the character of socio-ecological interactions and the direction of their development depend on.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Lazareva O. V.
Balanced Use of Irrigated Land (p. 386 - 391)
The aim of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of the scientifically based choosing of irrigated lands for cultivation of agricultural crops with consideration for the soil suitability classification. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the fundamental principles of land economics, the general theoretical provisions for balanced development of irrigated land. To achieve the objectives set in the work, the following methods are used: abstract-logical (for theoretical generalization of the results of scientific research and the formulation of conclusions); analysis and synthesis (for a comprehensive assessment and determination of the characteristics of the current state of irrigated and drained land); economic and settlement method (for solving the problem of optimal distribution and structure of sown areas when taking into account the soil suitability classification); graphical one (for depicting the vertical level of soil waters); methods of analogy and generalization (for developing a system of measures for balanced use of irrigated land). The article considers the rational use of irrigated land, with the focus being on the need for choosing optimal suitable soils for cultivating crops. The model of optimal distribution and structure of sown areas with consideration for the soil suitability classification has been developed, which allows for receiving the maximum cash proceeds from crop production and providing the livestock subcomplex with feed in sufficient quantities. The change in the size of irrigation and drained lands in Ukraine is analyzed in dynamics. The necessity of foreseeing the depth of the groundwater level during land reclamation is grounded.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2019

Melnychuk I. V.
Improving the Energy Efficiency in the Context of the Transition to the Green Economy (p. 200 - 207)
The aim of the article is to study the trends in the introduction of tools and principles of the green economy in countries of Europe and Ukraine to improve the efficient energy use. The main priorities of the green economy and its differences from the traditional so-called brown economy are determined. The relevance of the topic is proved using international documents and agreements. There selected indicators to justify the importance of cutting the use of exhaustive resources and reducing emissions to the atmosphere to decrease the burden on the environment. In particular, the indicator of the CO2 intensity (in terms of purchasing power parity) and the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity production in Europe and Ukraine are analyzed and forecast. The analysis allowed to identify and describe institutional and economic tools of the green economy which helped various countries achieve success and cut the use of traditional resources, replacing them with alternative energy sources and increasing the share of the latter. Based on the carried out research, there highlighted social and economic directions and recommendations for Ukraine as regards stimulating the implementation of elements of the green economy and increasing the efficiency of energy use.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2019

Openko I. A., Stepchuk Y. A., Tsvyakh O. M.
Calculation of the Economic Efficiency of Using Forestry Fund Lands in the Context of Natural and Climatic Zones of Ukraine (p. 274 - 280)
The aim of the article is to calculate the weighted average of economic efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the context of natural and climatic conditions. Based on the results of the analysis of profitability of using forestry fund lands in the context of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, it can be concluded that a positive profit indicator is observed in most of the forest-steppe zone, Polissia and the Carpathians, except for the Volyn (-94.1 UAH / ha), Kharkiv (58.2 UAH / ha) and Lviv (-40.2 UAH / ha) regions. It should be noted that in the steppe climatic zone a negative level of economic efficiency of using forestry fund lands is observed, the only exception is the Kirovograd region with the net profit of 41.8 UAH / ha. To average the indicators of efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the natural and climatic zones, we used the weighted average (arithmetic mean). With the help of the mentioned above arithmetic mean, we calculated the weighted average indices of efficiency of using forestry fund lands in the context of climatic zones, in particular, weighted average cost per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha; weighted average gross income per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha; weighted average profit per 1 ha of forest land, UAH / ha; weighted average profit per 1 ha of forest lands (based on the area of the region), UAH / ha; weighted average profitability of 1 ha of forest lands,%; weighted average administrative costs for forestry per 1 ha of forest lands, UAH / ha.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Skydan O. V., Dankevych V. Y., Dankevych Y. M.
The Current State of Applying Space Technologies to Monitor Land Use Efficiency (p. 281 - 288)
The aim of the article is to study the current state of applying space technologies to monitor land use efficiency. It is proved that under conditions of globalization of the world economy there takes place digitalization and automation of production processes with the application of space technologies and many other innovative transformations that should be considered when carrying out economic activities, especially in agriculture. It is justified that the further development of agriculture and agricultural land use should be planned in accordance with the innovation development strategy, which envisages: increase in the contribution of science and technology to the advancement of land economics; use of space technologies to monitor land use efficiency; enhancement of competitiveness of products on the world market through the modernization and automation of production facilities; widespread adoption of remote sensing technologies. It is established that one of the areas in attracting innovative developments is modern space technologies. The current state of and trends in applying space technologies to monitor land use efficiency are considered at the enterprise and state levels. The introduction of modern space technologies for monitoring land use (EOS Crop Monitoring, GIS Data) in Ukraine is analyzed. It is proved that the application of satellite monitoring makes it possible to accurately estimate the crop areas, monitor the condition of plants at all phases of growth, predict the yield at early stages, control agricultural operations, etc. The access to satellite data for previous years and analysis of huge amounts of information using the latest technologies allow assessing the value of land. There identified prospective land use sectors where modern space technologies should be applied, namely: filling the State Land Cadastre, taking land inventory, forming land resource databases. Practical recommendations on the application of space technologies for monitoring land use efficiency, crop forecasting and pricing analysis based on the experience of the EU and the USA are proposed.

Article is written in English

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2020

Glushchenko A. M.
Decarbonization of the Steel Industry: the Role of State Economic Policy (p. 340 - 347)
The aim of the article is to analyze the potential areas of decarbonization of steel production in order to propose government policy measures for reducing CO2 emissions. The study examines the structure of global carbon dioxide emissions, the trends in CO2 emissions from the steel industry, and the environmental policies of the EU and China. Moreover, economic and technological factors complicating the decarbonization of the steel industry are characterized. The main sources of carbon dioxide emissions at steel-producing enterprises are considered. Using the example of a European company, the volume of capital investment for decarbonization of steel production is shown. The key groups of measures that can help solve the problem of CO2 emissions (carbon capture and storage, carbon capture and utilization, prevention of emissions) are identified. The possibilities and limitations for the application of specific decarbonization measures including melting steel in electric arc furnaces, replacing coke with charcoal, using hydrogen in a blast furnace and for direct reduction of iron, and employing electrolysis of iron are analyzed. The carbon intensity of various decarbonization technologies as well as the potential terms for their commercial implementation are compared. As a result of the study, instruments of economic policy for accelerating the decarbonization of the steel industry are identified. The advantages and disadvantages of these instruments are analyzed. The conclusion about the impossibility of decarbonization without state participation, due to the fact that enterprises in the free market do not receive sufficient competitive advantages from investments to considerably reduce CO2 emissions, is made. The prospects for further research are associated with an in-depth study of the instruments of state policy for decarbonization as well as development of directions for decarbonization of other sectors of the economy.

Article is written in English

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2020

Нerasymenko Y. S., Velieva V. O., Ostapenko R. M.
Strategic Directions of Forming a State Mechanism to Stimulate the Development of Environmentally Sensitive Agribusiness (p. 364 - 375)
The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual foundations for the formation of a state mechanism to stimulate the development of environmentally sensitive agribusiness in Ukraine. It is emphasized that organic production in other countries receives significant state support. In addition, farmers view growing organic products as a factor that reduces risks and stabilizes prices for end products. Still, every country has its own specific features of providing state support. In some regions of France, subsidies can be obtained to cover the costs for certification and inspection, whose volume also varies from region to region. In addition to subsidies, producers of organic agricultural products can also apply for a tax credit. France has a method that compensates for the farmers’ losses from their transition to organic production, both in terms of individual costs and the profit margin. In the United States, the Agricultural Services Agency (FSA) funds the conversion of a farm to organic production and reimburses all the expenses associated with that production. Specific examples of state support for organic production in China, Thailand, Sri Lanka are given. In Ukraine, state support for environmentally friendly production is suggested to be grounded on three key blocks. Firstly, it should expand the demand and thus support consumers. Secondly, the state should design a support mechanism for producers. Thirdly, a separate set of issues should include strategic measures to shape the image of organic products in the market. For each set, specific measures have been identified that can be implemented by the government. It is suggested to divide ecologically oriented products into two groups: green products, which are produced without using chemicals; and certified organic products. The necessity to develop green tourism in Ukraine is also emphasized.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2021

Dankevych V. Y., Dankevych Y. M., Bondarchuk N. V., Strilchuk V. A.
The European Green Deal: A Roadmap for Sustainable Nature Management in a Decentralized Environment (p. 185 - 191)
The article aims at studying the results of and prospects for the further implementation of the European Green Deal, a roadmap for sustainable nature management. The research results prove the expediency of implementing the European Green Deal aimed at providing balanced nature management amidst decentralization processes. Taking into consideration the content of the "European Green Deal" communiqu? provisions presented by the European Commission, the key areas for its implementation are presented. In particular, such areas are as follows: modernization and transformation of the economy in order to improve the climate; production of clean, affordable and safe energy; mobilization of industry towards a circular economy; intensification of the transiting to sustainable and intelligent mobility; development of a fair, healthy and environmentally friendly food system for the population. It is substantiated that the effective implementation of the Green Deal ideas requires national public authorities to form a holistic vision of the stages of its multilevel implementation, with respect to the economic, social and environmental peculiarities of modern Ukraine. Such an implementation requires an urgent and extensive public discussion of its key points. It has been proved that at the level of legislation and rule-making it is necessary to take a whole range of measures to update the current legal provisions concerning the environment, as well as to adopt a number of qualitatively new ones that would fully comply with the EU policy. In fact, a new paradigm for the development of the Ukrainian state and society in the coming years should center on the standardization and environmentalization of economic, political and legal institutional foundations of their functioning.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Chala T. G., Slavuta O. I., Korepanov G. S., Chernenko D. I.
Adaptation of International Approaches to Creating a Statistical Indicators System for the Water Management Analysis at the City Level (p. 192 - 200)
The article aims at substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations for creating a unified statistical indicators system and statistical analysis of the water resources management at the city level. The advantages of using standardized indicators in the field of sanitation and water supply at the city level are identified and characterized in accordance with ISO 37120: 2014 «Sustainable cities and communities – indicators of urban services and quality of life». Both the main and auxiliary indicators of urban services and quality of life on «Water and sanitary conditions» and «Sewage» topics are systematized as for their formulas, application features and data sources. It is established that, according to the Water Risk Filter, Ukraine can be divided into four regions depending on the water risk, namely, low, moderately medium, medium, and high water risk levels. Based on these data, such cities from the Global Register of Cities developed by the World Council on City Data (WCCD) were selected: Amsterdam (Netherlands), Barcelona (Spain), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Guadalajara (Mexico). Their indicators in the field of sanitation and water supply were analyzed. It is established that these cities are characterized by a high level of water supply and sewerage services, as well as a fairly high level of the access to high-quality sanitary and hygienic conditions. The situation with quality indicators of water management is worse. For example, advanced waste treatment is only carried out in Dubai. In Guadalajara, 21% of urban wastewater is not treated at all. It is established that in general, Dubai is the leader in the quality of water supply and sanitation services, while Guadalajara is the outsider city, showing the lowest quality levels of most of the studied indicators. The national system of indicators is suggested to be expanded by including such an indicator as «Average annual duration of water supply outages per 1 household».

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2021

Holian V. A., Medynska N. V.
Institutionalization of the Economic Mechanism of Resource Conservation and Energy Efficient Environmental Management at the Level of Amalhamated Territorial Communities (p. 211 - 216)
The authors prove that decentralization of power and local governance reform have necessitated the reconsideration of the priorities in the rational environmental management, including resource conservation and energy efficiency at the level of amalhamated territorial communities (ATCs). Thus, it becomes necessary to transform the existing control system over the economic development of natural resource potential and environmental protection. It is substantiated that in the situation when new energy indicators are being implemented, numerous problems become mainstream, e.g. increase in the energy production output from renewable sources, e.g. solid and gaseous fuel on the basis of waste disposal. It is proved that the effective implementation of waste disposal projects is possible provided that the economic mechanism of resource conservation and energy efficiency is institutionalized at the level of ATC, which will provide budgetary, fiscal and credit prerequisites to increase financial support for modern waste management industry. The research carries out shows that in 2007–2021, the dynamics of the real volume of local budget expenditures on waste disposal has been declining, due to the lack of interest among local authorities in financing resource conservation and energy efficiency projects. It is established that the achievement of positive results in the financing of waste disposal directly depends on pooling part of the rent for the special use of natural resources and environmental tax in special funds within local budgets. It is substantiated that targeting natural resources and environmental payments accumulated in local government budgets will increase funding for waste disposal, thus increasing the use of the material substance of household waste and waste from agricultural and forestry production to produce solid and gaseous fuel. It is proved that the state should provide incentives for local governments to enhance resource conservation and energy efficiency based on waste disposal due to participation in financing and indirect promotion of such projects.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2023

Holian V. A., Medynska N. V., Kolosa L. L., Zamlynskyi O. S.
The Financial and Investment Dimension of Solving Ecological Problems in the Conditions of a New Global Nature Protection Architectonics: Implementing the Best Foreign Experience (p. 240 - 249)
It is substantiated that under wartime conditions, formation of a new global nature protection architectonics and decentralization of power, the solution of ecological problems of socioeconomic development passes into a new financial and investment dimension, which requires diversification of sources of financing of capital investments and current costs in environmental protection. It is determined that in the dynamics of the nominal amount of financing of capital investments and current expenditures in environmental protection in the context of the main nature protection measures in 2000–2020, in general, there is an upward trend, which is caused by inflation-devaluation processes, rather than a real increase in assignations to environmental projects both in the public and corporate sectors. It is identified that in 2000–2020 there was a significant difference between the amounts of financing of capital investments and current expenses in the direction of increasing the amount of financial support for the operation and maintenance of environmental infrastructure, rather than their renovation and modernization. It is substantiated that the chronic deficit of financial and investment support for solving ecological problems is caused by excessive unification of sources and methods of financing the renewal of the network of environmental infrastructure objects and rationalization of the use of natural raw materials, which requires diversification of fiscal, budgetary and credit investment instruments of the environmental protection industry. It is determined that increasing investment flows in the environmental sphere of Ukraine depends on the inclusion in the range of priorities of the national environmental policy of the dominants of international environmental conventions, primarily the New Climate Agreement, which will allow obtaining financial preferences from global environmental funds and foreign governments. It is substantiated that the intensification of environmental activities at the level of local self-government will become possible due to an increase in the share of deductions of the natural resource rent and environmental tax to special funds of budgets of territorial communities, which will ensure targeted linking of eco-resource payments to solving the most pressing ecological problems of territorial entities.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №3-2023

Palamarenko Y. V., Chikov I. A.
Assessing the Efficiency of Biogas Plants: The National and Foreign Experience (p. 323 - 336)
The issue of recycling waste from the main production is experiencing growing relevance and importance in the context of sustainable development and environmental protection. In today’s world, where environmental issues and conservation of natural resources are becoming extremely important, manufacturers and consumers are faced with the need to find new innovative approaches to waste management and reducing the negative impact of industrial processes on the environment. Therefore, the use of biogas plants is one of the promising solutions in this direction. These plants play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, using agricultural waste, improving the production cycle, and contributing to more sustainable and environmentally friendly production processes. This article reveals the importance of biogas plants as an innovative solution for addressing the issues of organic waste recycling along with creating more sustainable production. The article discusses the topical issue of assessing the efficiency of biogas plants, based on both domestic and foreign experience. The analysis of the efficiency of biogas plants is carried out on the basis of a comparison of domestic and international experience. Thus, the authors determine that in order to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of biogas plants, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze technical parameters, technological solutions, economic aspects, and environmental indicators. The proposed multi-criteria approach will allow to obtain an exhaustive and objective assessment of the functioning of biogas plants, taking into account most of the key aspects of their efficiency. This will make it possible to determine the optimal areas for improving these plants in order to achieve the highest possible level of productivity and consistency of their operation. Further on, this approach will contribute to making sound managerial decisions and thus achieving a common goal in the modern energy paradigm. The authors propose to assess the efficiency of biogas plants by building a model based on fuzzy logic methods. This approach allows to take into account the ambiguity and uncertainty of incoming information, which gives the possibility to agree on different criteria and parameters, taking into account their unpredictability and dependence on many factors. The results of this model help in choosing the optimal biogas plant that meets the conditions and requirements of today.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №4-2023

Korobka R. V.
Investing the Oil and Gas Production in TNCs: Trends, Ecological and Economic Problems and Priorities (p. 234 - 240)
It is substantiated that the intensification of the global environment protection movement in recent decades, the key component of which is the development of tools for transferring national economies to a model of low-carbon development, has had a decisive impact on the dynamics of investment in projects for the development of natural resource potential, primarily hydrocarbons. It has been found that the reduction of dependence of individual countries of the world on oil and natural gas directly depends on the diversification of energy sources to meet the needs of socioeconomic development through the development of the industry for the production of energy from renewable sources. It is proved that the decrease in the volume of production of hydrocarbons and energy carriers produced on its basis is an important factor in the transition of national economies to the model of low-carbon development, in particular, reducing the negative impact on climate processes. It is found that in the sector of «hydrocarbon» TNCs (BP, Shell and Chevron) during 2011–2022 there was a generally downward trend in the dynamics of investments in oil and natural gas production, which has led to significant conjunctural fluctuations in the global markets of hydrocarbons and to structural shifts in the energy balance of many countries of the world. It has been found that BP, Shell and Chevron, along with investing in oil and gas production, finance projects related to the production of energy from alternative sources, which has led to a reduction in capital injections into fossil fuel production and diversified the investment portfolio of these companies, minimizing the risks of reducing their capitalization in the context of diversification of the range of energy carriers in the global and national energy markets. It is proved that the decrease in the volume of investment in oil and gas production in the sector of «hydrocarbon» TNCs (BP, Shell and Chevron) has led to a reformatting of the global energy landscape and created additional prerequisites for increasing the amount of funding for alternative energy projects and solving a set of ecological and economic problems associated with the transition to a low-carbon development model.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Samusevych Y. V., Tenytska I. A., Seleznova O. V.
Efficiency of Ecological Inspections in Ukraine and Its Impact on Financial Support of Rational Nature Management (p. 241 - 247)
The activities of ecological inspections are designed to serve as a regulator to ensure compliance with ecological standards by business entities and reduce the level of pollution. On the basis of this goal of functioning of ecological inspections, the purpose of the study has been formed, which is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that the efficiency of ecological inspections has a direct impact on the level of financing of measures related to the rational use of nature. Thus, to begin with, an analysis of modern foreign literature on related topics was carried out, which made it possible to confirm the relevance of our study, at the same time it was based on the absence of similar domestic developments. The further research was also based on the collection and processing of official data on the results of ecological inspections, the amount of ecological tax revenues and the financing of ecological protection measures. Using the collected data, a panel-regression analysis was carried out (based on Stata software). The assessment of the impact of ecological inspections on the financial support of rational use of natural resources was carried out in two stages. As a result of the first stage of the study (assessment of the impact of ecological inspections’ activities on ecological tax revenues), a partial statistical significance between the effective and factor variables was revealed. Thus, the activities of the ecological inspections can influence the filling of the budget in terms of the ecological tax, but such influence is insignificant in monetary terms, and this, in turn, hinders the implementation of all its functions by the ecological tax. As a result of the second stage of the study, which consisted in assessing the impact of ecological inspections on the financing of ecological protection measures, it was determined that the previously put forward hypothesis was partially confirmed. Proceeding from this, the second hypothesis was formed, the essence of which was that the relative indicators of efficiency of ecological inspections have a direct impact on the amount of ecological revenues and financing of ecological initiatives. This made it possible to confirm that the effectiveness of ecological inspections in some aspects has a direct impact on the amount of ecological tax revenues. Although, in general, the second hypothesis can be considered neither refuted nor confirmed, the results obtained can become the basis for further empirical research in this direction.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Fedirko O. A., Fedirko N. V., Vasiuk N. O.
The Instruments for Funding the Ecological Development of the EU (p. 248 - 256)
The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate the role of modern EU financing instruments in stimulating ecological development. The research methodology is based on the content analysis of ecological development financing instruments in the EU, their comparison and scientific generalization to substantiate further priorities for the implementation of the EU strategy «European Green Deal». The authors have examined the models of management of financial resources in the EU – direct, joint and indirect management. It is found that the EU Member States and their competent authorities develop their own national programs, coordinate the selection of projects, as well as ensure the operational management of such programs and the implementation of payments. The article shows that the most used financial instrument used within the framework of the EU programs and funds for the provision of financial resources are grants. It is determined that recently in some areas of the EU policies (first of all, in regional, entrepreneurial, and innovation) such instruments as budget guarantees and bank financing instruments (loans, credit guarantees, equity investments) have been actively developing, aimed mainly at profitable and economically viable projects. In the current planned financial period from 2021 to 2027, most EU financial programs and funds have an ecological component. At the same time, a number of the EU programs are created specifically for the purposes of sustainable development, greening of production, prevention and adaptation to climate change, as well as environmental protection, including the LIFE program, the Innovation Fund, the Just Transition Fund and the Modernization Fund. The authors show that the instruments for financing ecological development in the EU cover a wide range of potential beneficiaries, which include not only government agencies and the business sector, but also research institutions and public organizations.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №1-2024

Kondratenko N. O., Troian V. I., Bratash M. A.
Social and Ecological Aspects of Innovation Management in the Field of Subsoil Use (p. 173 - 180)
The article defines the socio-ecological aspects of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that innovative management in the field of subsoil use is a separate branch of management and relevant activity, which arose and developed as a result of contradictory trends in the growth of subsoil use and limited opportunities for their effective involvement in economic processes. It is noted that the social aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use require an appropriate assessment to obtain an adequate answer to the question of the effectiveness of this type of management. It is determined that the ecological aspects of innovation management in the field of subsoil use are considered very important, since the modern competitive environment requires that ecological responsibility becomes the life philosophy of an economic entity and be the basis for building relationships with suppliers and consumers, as well as local communities. The principles and directions of improvement of innovation management on ecological issues in the field of subsoil use in Ukraine are determined. Attention was focused on ecological audit, which is a tool for determining how production activities meet national and international standards of sustainable development. It is noted that due to the full-scale war in Ukraine, the responsibility of each business entity for the preservation and restoration of the environment is growing. It is concluded that the socio-ecological aspects of innovative management in the sphere of subsoil use form the basis for the interest and combination of interests of the State, business and society to achieve a certain balance in matters of national security, meeting the needs of the population in public goods and ecological development on the basis of innovativeness, which in the future will create conditions for the formation and implementation of appropriate ecological strategies that will contribute to the development of education and science, social protection of the population, reducing the outflow of highly qualified workers, increasing innovative activity in the country’s economy, etc.

Article is written in Ukrainian

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2024

Dykan V. V., Podvihin A. D.
Modern Technologies of Management of Innovative Activities in the Sphere of Subsoil Use (p. 287 - 293)
The article examines the development of modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use (SSU). It is noted that economic activity in the sphere of subsoil use is quite specific, which requires the use of methods of effective management of natural resources, which will ensure their preservation for future generations. In turn, an effective innovation management system can become a useful instrument in modern competition and an incentive for the development of the subsoil use sector in Ukraine. It is noted that today, for the development of modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use, it is necessary to improve the organizational components of the management system and introduce new technologies and decision-making instruments. The general sequence of the innovation process and the principal conditions for the organization of innovation activity in the sphere of subsoil use are defined. Definitions of the principal conditions for the organization of management of innovation activity and its main characteristics in the SSU have proved that in the process of its implementation, all processes have certain features, as well as certain restrictions that are associated with the specifics of this area. The priority directions of management of innovation activity in the sphere of subsoil use in accordance with their programs of innovative development are determined. A system of management of innovation activity in the SSU has been proposed. It is determined that the management of innovation activity in the SSU is determined by the formation of the infrastructure of research and innovation-investment activities; introduction of generation, selection and use of innovations; identification and implementation of new market opportunities for the formation of innovative management projects in the SSU. It is concluded that modern technologies for managing innovation activities in the sphere of subsoil use should be aimed at finding innovations in the management system of SSU, which in the future will provide an opportunity to combine all types of innovations and achieve a synergistic effect in this sphere.

Article is written in Ukrainian

Zaporozhets H. V., Orynchak O. M.
The Theoretical Foundations of Innovation Management in the Sphere of Subsoil Use (p. 294 - 301)
The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that managerial innovations are still fuzzy and insufficiently studied in management theory and practice. As innovative management components emerged, people began to better understand that management is an important integrated factor that affects the expected performance of an economic entity. Without management, the creation and implementation of effective technologies, as well as a reasonable combination of social, informational, accounting, financial, economic and commercial factors are impossible. It is noted that, taking into account the specifics of the sphere of subsoil use, the generalization of approaches to innovation management allowed to identify that the most important is the organizational approach, which enables management to plan its activities, make effective managerial decisions on the basis of innovation. The author’s own definition of «subsoil use» is presented, which should be understood as the economic, managerial activity of State institutions, local governments, business entities, society and its individual groups, households regarding the use of subsoil for their own or commercial needs within the framework of geological exploration, mining, underground works that are not related to the extraction of minerals, protection of subsoil in scientific, geological, cultural, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic spheres, collection of materials and samples for various purposes of scientific and practical activities. It is determined that innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use is the process of managing significant changes in labor products, means of production, services and other innovative activity, which is one of the main directions of development of social production. It is concluded that innovative management of subsoil use helps to achieve synergistic results in the industry. This includes the achievement of socioeconomic and business values and is important for the development of policies that determine how to effectively implement innovative technologies in the management system of economic entities.

Article is written in Ukrainian